24G 



PAR 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



PAR 



refreshed with a little water. In a little time these plants 

 writ be fit to transplant, which should be done very care- 

 fully, so as not to injure the roots. They must be each 

 planted into a separate halfpenny pot, filled with light fresh 

 earth, and then plunged into the hot-bed again, observing 

 to stir up the tan, and, if it have lost its heat, to add some 

 fresh to renew it again. Then shade the plants from the 

 heat of the sun, until they have taken new root, after which 

 time they should have fresh air admitted to them every day, 

 in proportion to the warmth of the season. With this 

 management the plants will grow so fast as to fill the pots 

 with their roots by the beginning of July, at which time they 

 should be shifted into pots a little larger than the former, 

 and plunged again into the bark-bed to forward their taking 

 new root. The only method to keep them through the 

 winter is to harden them to bear the open air in July and 

 August, and in September to place them at the greatest 

 distance from the fire, to keep them in a very temperate 

 warmth ; but they will seldom survive a second winter. 



Parnassia ; a genus of the class Pentandria, order Tetra- 

 gynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth five-parted ; 

 .segments oblong, spreading, permanent. Corolla : petals five, 

 roundish, striated, concave, spreading; nectaries five, each 

 a concave cordate scale, with from three to thirteen erect 

 rays along the edge, gradually higher, on each of which sits 

 a globe, (or three-parted, with equal globuliferous rays.) 

 Stamina: filamenta five, awl-shaped; antherae depressed, 

 incumbent. Pistil : germen ovate, large ; style none, but in 

 its place a perforation; stigmas four, obtuse, permanent, 

 greater in the fruit. Pericarp : capsule ovate, four-cornered, 

 one-celled, four-valved. Receptacle : fourfold, growing to 

 the valves. Seeds: very numerous, oblong. Observe. The 

 essential character is most easily collected from the nectary. 

 ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix: five-parted. Petals: 

 five. Nectaries : five, cordate, ciliate, with globular apices. 



Capsule : four-valved. The species are, 



1. Parnassia Palustris; Common Mar*h Parnassia, or 

 Grass of Parnassus. Root perennial, small, whitish, fibrous, 

 putting forth several stems and leaves in tufts ; stems erect, 

 unbranche'd, somewhat twisted, having five sharp corners, 

 a span high, slender, smooth, bearing only a single em- 

 bracing leaf below the middle, and a single flower at the 

 top. Flowers : above an inch wide, white, and singularly 

 elegant ; the petals a little scalloped at the edges, slightly 

 emarginate, with semitransparent grayish veins. Native of 

 most parts of Europe, by the sides of bogs and moors, and 

 in wet meadows. It grows near Harefield in Middlesex; 

 about Ongar in Essex ; on Hinton, Feversham, and Trump- 

 ington moors, and near Linton in Cambridgeshire ; on Ste- 

 vington, Turvey, and Ampthill bogs, in Bedfordshire; in 

 peat bogs on Bullington Green, and under Headington- 

 wick Copse, in Oxfordshire ; near Buddon wood in Leices- 

 tershire; about Rowel and Thorp in Northamptonshire: at 

 Basford, Scottum, and Papplewick, in Nottinghamshire. 

 Old Gerarde notices its being found in the moor near Linton 

 in Cambridgeshire ; at Hcsset in Suffolk ; at a place named 

 Drinkstone in Butcher's Mead ; plentifully in Lansdall and 

 Craven in Yorkshire, at Doncaster, and in Thornton fields, 

 in the same county. Mr. Goodyer found it in the boggy 

 ground below the red well of Wellingborough in Northamp- 

 tonshire ; and it has been observed in abundance in the 

 castle fields of Berwick upon Tweed. Parkinson also notices 

 its growing at. Linton in Cambridgeshire; Hesset and Drink- 

 stone in Suffolk;, in the great field of Headington near 

 Oxford ; on the other side of Oxford in the pasture next to 

 Botley, in th highway; and at the bottom of Barton hills 



in Bedfordshire. Merret found it with a double flower in 

 Lancashire.; and Mr. Wood about Edinburgh. It flowers 

 in July and August. This plant may be taken up from the 

 natural place of growth, with balls of earth to the roots, and 

 planted in pots filled with pretty strong, fresh, undunged 

 earth, and placed in a shady situation, where, if they are 

 constantly watered in dry weather, they will thrive very 

 well, and flower every summer : but if the plants are planted 

 in the full ground, it should be in a very moist shady border, 

 otherwise they will not live ; and these should be as duly 

 watered as those in the pots in dry weather, to make them 

 produce strong flowers. They may be propagated by part- 

 ing their roots, which should be done in March, before 

 they put out new leaves ; but the roots should not be divided 

 too small, for that will prevent their flowering the following 

 summer. The roots should always be planted in a pretty 

 strong fresh earth, for they will not thrive in a light rich 

 soil. In the spring they must be constantly watered if the 

 season should prove dry, otherwise they will not rlower ; nor 

 should they be parted oftener than every third year, to have 

 them strong. The seeds ripen in August. 



Three other species of Parnassia have been found in North 

 America, viz. Caroliniana, Asarifolia, and Fimbriata. 



Parsley. See Apium. 



Parsley, Macedonian. See Bubon. 



Parsley, Mountain. See Athamanta. 



Parsley Piert. See Aphanes. 



Parsley, Stone. See Athamanta. 



Parsley, Wild. See Cardiosnermum. 



Parsnep. See Pastinaca. 



Parsnep, Cow. See Heracleum. 



Parthenium; a genus of the class Monoecia, order Pent- 

 andria. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth com- 

 mon, quite simple, five-leaved, spreading; leaflets roundish, 

 flat, equal. Corolla: compound, convex; corollet herma- 

 phrodite, many in the disk ; females five in the ray, scarcely 

 surpassing the others : proper of the hermaphrodites one- 

 petalled, tubular, erect, with the mouth five-cleft, the length 

 of the calix ; of the females one-petalled, tubular, ligulate, 

 oblique, blunt, roundish, the same length with the other. 

 Stamina : in .the hermaphrodites ; filamenta five, capillary, 

 the length of the corollet; antheree as many, thickisii, 

 scarcely cohering. Pistil: of the hermaphrodite; germen 

 below the proper receptacle, scarcely observable ; style capil- 

 lary, generally shorter than the stamina ; stigma none ; of 

 the female, germen inferior, turbinate-cordate, compressed, 

 large ; style filiform, the length of the corollet ; stigmas -two, 

 filiform, the length of the style, spreading a little. Peri- 

 carp : none ; calix unchanged. Seeds : in the hermaphro- 

 dites abortive; in the females solitary, turbinate, cordate, 

 compressed, naked. Receptacle: scarcely any, flat; chaffs 

 separate, the florets so that each female has two herma- 

 phrodites behind. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Male. Calix: 

 common, five-leaved. Corolla of the disk, one-petalled. 

 Female. Corolla: of the ray five, on each side two males, 

 with one female between, superior. The species are, 



1. Parthenium Hysterophorus ; Cut-leaved Parthenium, 

 or Bastard Feverfew. Leaves compound, multifid. This is 

 an annual plant, growing wild in great plenty in the island, 

 of Jamaica, where it is called Wild Wormwood. It thrives 

 very luxuriantly about all the settlements in the low lands, 

 and is observed to have much the same qualities as Feverfew, 

 being used, like that, in resolutive baths and infusions. It 

 flowers here in July and August, and may be propagated 

 by sowing the seeds on a hot-bed early in the spring; and 

 when the plants come up, they should be transplanted on 



