FED 



OR, BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. 



FED 



261 - 



with filiform radicles ; stem herbaceous, half a foot high, 

 branched, dichotomous, diffused, round, smooth. The leaves 

 when bruised have a sweet smell like Savory. Annual. It 

 flowers in June, and is a native of Hispaniola. 



2. Pectis Punctata. Leaves linear, quite entire, dotted 

 underneath. Stem herbaceous, a foot high or more, angular, 

 branched, smooth ; branches opposite, erect, axillary. 

 Native of sandy coasts in Hispaniola. 



3. Pectis Linifolia. Leaves linear, quite entire, even on 

 both sides. This plant is spreading and slender, and seldom 

 rises above eighteen or twenty inches in height. Annual. 

 Common in all the sugar islands of the West Indies. 



4. Pectis Humifusa. Leaves ovate, dotted underneath, 

 ciliate on both sides at the base. Annual. Native of Gua- 

 daloupe and Santa Cruz. 



Pedalium ; a genus of the class Didynamia, order Angio- 

 spermia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth five- 

 parted, small, permanent ; the upper segment very short, 

 the lowest longer. Corolla: one-petalled, subringent; tube 

 three-cornered, with the belly flat ; border five-cleft, wide, 

 oblique ; segments rounded ; upper ones smaller, lowest 

 wider. Stamina : filamenta four, glandular-hairy at the base, 

 shorter than the tube, two shorter than the rest ; antherae 

 cordate, twin, terminated by a gland; rudiment of a fifth 

 filamentum between the shorter stamina, with a very small 

 antherse. Pistil : germen conical ; style the length of the 

 stamina; stigma bifid, the upper seg.ment reflex, the lower 

 revolute. Pericarp : drupe juiceless, ovate, pyramidal, four- 

 cornered, the corners thorny towards the base. Seed: nut, 

 covered with bony fibres variously interwoven, four-winged, 

 two-celled; nucleuses two, oblong, covered with an aril, one 

 lower. Gsertner observes, that there is a void cell below 

 the fertile ones. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix: five"- 

 parted. Corolla: subringent, with a five-cleft border. Nut: 

 suberous, four-cornered, thorny at the corners, two-celled, 

 Seeds: two. The only known species is, 



1. Pedalium Murex ; Prickly-fruited Pedalium. Stem 

 simple ; leaves opposite, obovate, blunt, toothed, truncated, 

 naked, with the petioles glandular on each side ; flowers axil- 

 lary, solitary, small ; fruit nodding. This plant smells very 

 strongly of musk while in flowers. Native of maritime situ- 

 ations in the East Indies. 



Pedicularis ; a genus of the class Didynamia, order Angio- 

 spermia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : perianth one- 

 leafed, roundish, ventricose, with a five-cleft equal mouth, 

 permanent. Corolla: one-petalled, ringent; tube oblong, 

 gibbous ; upper lip helmet-shaped, erect, compressed, emar- 

 ginate, narrower; lower spreading, flat, half three-cleft, 

 blunt; middle segment narrower. Stamina: filamenta four, 

 the length of the upper lip, under which they lie concealed ; 

 two shorter ; antherre incumbent, roundish, compressed. 

 Pistil: germen roundish; style filiform, in the same situation 

 with the staraina, but longer ; stigma blunt, bent in. Peri- 

 carp: capsule roundish, mucronate, oblique, two-celled, 

 opening at top; partition contrary. Seeds: several, ovate, 

 angular ; receptacle subglobular, in the base of the capsule. 

 ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix: five-cleft. Capsule: two- 

 celled, mucronate, oblique. Seeds: coated. This is a beau- 

 tiful genus of plants ; but are with difficulty preserved in 

 gardens, being mostly inhabitants of boggy alpine places. 



The species are, 



1. Pedicularis Palustris; Marsh Lousewort, or Red Rattle. 

 Stem branched; calices crested, callous, dotted; lip of the 

 corollas oblique. Root annual ; stem about a foot high, up- 

 right, angular, purplish, hollow; branches spreading; leaves 

 and flowers distant; corolla purple, varying to white. It is 



an unwelcome guest in meadows, being disagreeable to cattle, 

 and thought by some to be destructive to sheep : it is rather 

 caustic, and appears to be seldom eaten. Native of many 

 parts of Europe, particularly the northern parts, in marshes 

 and wet meadows ; flowering in June and July. 



2. Pedicularis Sylvatiea ; Pasture Lousewort, or Heath 

 Red Rattle. Stem branched at the base ; calices oblong, 

 angular, even; lip of the corollas cordate. Root annual; 

 branches from the root, long, spreading close to the ground ; 

 leaves sinply pinnate, with roundish acutely serrate pinnas; 

 flowers rose-coloured, in a cluster at the top of the plant, 

 and sparingly on the branches. The expressed juice, or a 

 decoction of this plant, has been used with advantage as an 

 injection for sinuous ulcers. It is said that if the healthiest 

 flocks of sheep were fed with this plant, they would become 

 scatiby in a short time, that the wool would get loose, and 

 that they would be overrun with vermin. This is also applied 

 to the preceding species ; but the fact seems to be, that the 

 presence of these plants indicates (a very bad pasture, and 

 the want of proper food may occasion the cattle to fall into 

 bad condition, and to breed vermin. It flowers in June, and 

 is a native of many parts of Europe and Siberia, where it is 

 found in wet pastures and heaths. 



3. Pedicularis Rostrata; Beaked Lousewort. Stem ascend- 

 ing, slightly leafy; helmet of the corollas acuminate, beaked; 

 calices crested, subhirsute. Root black, thick, having large 

 fibres swelling .out a little in the middle. Native of Swit- 

 zerland, Austria, Carniola, Dauphiny, Piedmont, and Sile- 

 sia, on the most lofty mountains. 



4. Pedicularis Sceptrum Carolinum ; Sceptred Lousewort. 

 Stem simple ; flowers by threes, in whorls ; corollas closed ; 

 calices crested ; capsules regular. This is distinguished from 

 the other species by the gape of the corolla being closed, the 

 pericarp roundish and acuminate, but regular, whereas in the 

 others u is bent with an oblique point. It was called Scep- 

 trum Carolinum (in honour of Charles XII.) by Rudbeck, who 

 discovered it in Lapland, where it was also found by Linneus, 

 in such abundance at one place on the highway, that it stop- 

 ped a horse going full speed. It grows also in Dalecarlia, 

 Ostrobothnia ; between i and Ulloa ; near Cpsala in 

 Westrogothia ; and sometimes, but more rarely, in bogs, wet 

 woods, &c. in Norway, Prussia, and Russia. 



5. Pedicularis Verticillata ;' Whorled Lousewort. Stem 

 simple ; leaves in fours ; root more simple, or less branched 

 than in the other sort; flowers red ; they are small and beau- 

 tiful. It appears to b biennial. Native of Switzerland, 

 Austria, Carniola, the south of France, Silesia, and Siberia. 



6. Pedicularis Resupinata; Topsy-turvy Lousewort. Stem 

 simple; leaves lanceolate, serrate, crenulate; flowers' resu- 

 pine ; corolla of a very deep purple, turned upside down ; 

 helmet hooked, compressed ; standard white, rounded. It 

 varies with flesh-coloured and milk-white flowers. Native 

 of Siberia. 



7. Pedicularis Recutita; Jagged-leaved Louseivort. Stem 

 simple ; leaves pinnatifid, serrate ; spike leafy ; calices co- 

 loured ; corollas blunt. Root perennial, woody. Native of 

 Switzerland, Austria, and Silesia. 



8. Pedicularis Tristis ; Dull-coloured Lousewort. Stem 

 simple ; helmet of the corollas villose at the edge. This is 

 a very hairy plant ; flowers heaped into a spike or head. 

 Native of Siberia. 



. 9. Pedicularis Flammea ; Upright Lousewort. Stem sim- 

 ple ; leaves pinnate, imbricate backwards. This at first 

 resembles the fourth species in miniature, but it is only three 

 or four inches high ; spike terminating the stem, and covering 

 a third part of it, upright, compressed, oblong ; corolla 



