270 



PEN 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



PEN 



leaflets opposite, lanceolate, concave, equal, coloured, shorter 

 by half than the corolla, loose, deciduous. Corolla: one- 

 petalled, bell-shaped ; border four-cleft, spreading a little, 

 much shorter than the tube ; segments sharp. Stamina : fila- 

 rnenta four, awl-shaped, extremely short, placed on the tube 

 of the corolla between the divisions of it, upright, naked ; 

 antherse upright, flattish, emarginate both ways. Pistil: 

 germen ovate, four-cornered ; style four-cornered, by four 

 membranaceous longitudinal wings ; stigma cruciform, blunt, 

 permanent. Pericarp: capsule four-cornered, furnished with 

 the style, four-celled, four-valved. Seeds : in pairs, somewhat 

 oblong, blunt. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix: two-leaved. 

 Corolla : bell-shaped. Style: quadrangular. Capsule: four- 

 cornered, four-celled, eight-seeded. The plants of this genus 

 are shrubs, rugged below, with the vestiges of fallen leaves ; 

 leafy above ; flowers terminal or axillary, solitary or aggre- 

 gate, red, white, or yellow. They have been little examined, 

 except in dried specimens. The species are, 



1 . Penaea Sarcocolla ; Ovate-leaved Penaa. Leaves ovate, 

 flat; calices ciliate, larger than the leaf; corollas blunt. An 

 humble, branched, and bushy shrub. Native of the Cape. 



2. Penaea Mucronata ; Heart-leaved Peneea. Flowers 

 terminating ; leaves acuminate, smooth ; style four-cornered. 

 Native of the Cape. 



3. Peneea Marginata ; Margined Pentsa. Leaves cordate, 

 margined ; flowers lateral. This is a stiff shrub, with the 

 branches commonly in threes. Native of the Cape. 



4. Peneea Lateriflora; Side-lowering Penaa. Leaves 

 ovate; flowers lateral, sessile; stems red, with elongated 

 branches. Native of the Cape. 



5. Peneea Tomentosa ; Downy-leaved Peneea. Leaves 

 ovate, tomentosR ; flowers lateral. Native of the Cape. 



6. Pensea Fucata ; Painted Pe/twa. Leaves rhomb-ovate; 

 bractes wedge-shaped, acute, coloured; flowers pmpic. 

 Native of the Cape. 



7. Pensea Squamosa; Sealy Peneea. Leaves rhomb-wedge- 

 shaped, fleshy ; corollas rather large, white, or yellowish. 

 Native of the Cape. 



8. Penoea Fruticulosa; Shrubby Pena-a. Leaves some- 

 what oblong, blivnt ; bractes orbieulate, acute. This is a 

 small shrub, with round branches, at the end of which are 

 the flowers. Native of the Cape. 



9. Penaea Myrtoides ; Myrtle-leaved Pencea. Leaves lan- 

 ceolate : branches upright, round, red ; flowers terminating, 

 subsolitary.. Native of the Cape. 



Pennantia ; a genus of the class Polygamia, order Dioecia. 

 GENERIC CHARACTER. Hermaphrodite Flower. Calix: 

 none. Corolla: petals five, lanceolate, acute, spreading very 

 much. Stamina: filamenta five, capillary, the length of the 

 petals; antherae oblong, incumbent. Pistil: germen supe- 

 rior, bluntly three-cornered ; style none; stigma flat, pcltated, 

 subtrilobate. Pericarp : three-sided, two-celled. Seed : soli- 

 tary, subtriquetrous. Mule Flower. Calix and Corolla : as 

 above. Stamina: filamenta five, capillary, twice as long as 

 the petals ; antherae ovate, incumbent. ESSENTIAL CHA- 

 RACTER. Calix: none. Corolla: five-petalled. Stamina: 

 five. Pericarp : three-sided, two-celled, with solitary sub- 

 triquetrous seeds. The only known species is, 



1. Pennantia Corymbosa. A tree or shrub, with round 

 leafy branches, dotted, and somewhat downy when young. 

 Native of New Zealand. 



Penny Grass. See Rhinanthus. 



Pennyroyal. See Mentha Pulegium. 



Pennywort, Marsh and Water. See Hydrocotyle. 



Pentapetes; a genus of the class Monadelphia, order 

 Dodecandria. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth 



double; outer three-leaved, one-sided, caducous; leaflets 

 linear, acuminate ; inner one-leafed, five-parted, permanent ; 

 segments lanceolate, acuminate, spreading, longer than the 

 corolla. Corolla: petals five, roundish, spreading, fastened 

 to the pitcher of the stamina. Stamina: filamenta fifteen, fili- 

 form, upright, shorter than the corolla, united into a pentagon 

 pitcher, but free above; antherae sagittate, upright; ligules 

 five, linear, lanceolate, petal-shaped, upright, each between 

 every three stamina, springing from the pitcher. Pistil: 

 germen ovate; style filiform, thickened above, striated, 

 longer than the stamina, permanent; stigma obsoletely five- 

 toothed. Pericarp: capsule membranaceous, subglobular, 

 acuminate, five-celled, five-valved; partitions contrary. Seeds: 

 eight, ovate, acute, four on each side, fastened withinside 

 to the partition. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix: double; 

 outer three-leaved ; inner five-parted. Stamina: fifteen, with 

 five ligules, petal-shaped. Capsule: five-celled, many-seeded. 

 The only known species is, 



1. Pentapetes Phcenicea; Scarlet-flowered Pentapetes. 

 Leaves hastate, lanceolate, serrate. Stalk upright, two or 

 three feet high, sending out side-branches the whole length ; 

 those from the lower part of the stalks are the longest, the 

 others gradually diminish so as to form a sort of pyramid. 

 Flower monopetalous, cut into five obtuse segments almost 

 to the bottom ; of a fine scarlet colour, appearing in July, 

 and ripening into seed in autumn. Native of India, Japan, 

 China, and Cochin-china. The seeds must be sown upon a 

 good hot-bed early in March, and when the plants are fit to 

 remove, there should be a new hot-bed prepared to receive 

 them, into which should be plunged some small pots, filled 

 with good kitchen-garden earth ; in each of these one plant 

 should be placed, giving thpm a little water to settle the 

 earth to their mots; they must also be shaded from the sun 

 till they have taken now root ; then they should be treated 

 in the same way as other tender exotic plants, admitting the 

 free air to them every day in proportion to the warmth of the 

 season, and covering the glasses with mats every evening to 

 keep them warm. When the plants are advanced in their 

 growth so as to fill the pots with their roots, they should be 

 shifted into larger pots, filled with the same sort of earth as 

 before, and plunged into another hot-bed, where they may 

 remain as long as they can stand under the glasses of the 

 beds without being injured ; and afterwards they must be 

 removed either info a stove or a glass-case, where they may 

 be screened from the cold, and in warm weather have plenty 

 of fresh air admitted to them. With this management the 

 plants will begin to flower early in. July, and there will be 

 a succession of flowers continued to the end of September, 

 during which time they will make a good appearance. The 

 seeds ripen gradually after each other in the same succession 

 as the flowers were produced, so that they should be gathered 

 as soon as their capsules begin to open at the top. These 

 plants are sometimes turned out of the pots when they are 

 strong, and planted in warm borders ; where, if the season 

 prove very warm, the plants will flower pretty well, but in 

 that case they seldom perfect their seeds. 



Penthorum; a genus of the class Decandria, order Pen- 

 tagynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : perianth one- 

 leafed, five or ten cleft, acute, permanent. Corolla : petals 

 often five (seldom more,) linear, very small, between the 

 segments of the calix. Stamina: filamenta ten, bristle-shaped, 

 equal, twice as long as the calix, permanent; antheree 

 roundish, deciduous. Pistil : germen coloured, ending in 

 five conical upright styles, the same length with the stamina, 

 and distant; stigmas blunt. Pericarp : capsule simple, five- 

 cleft, with conical distant angles, five-celled. Seeds: nume-. 



