276 



PHA 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



PHA 



which springs a leaf, cut into many divisions ; the flowers ter- 

 minate the stalks in umbels, and appear in the beginning of 

 July. Native of Candia. 



11. Peucedanum Geniculatum; Jointed Sulphunvort. 

 Leaves roundish, kidney-form, crenate. Native of New 

 Zealand. 



Peziza; a genus of the class Cryptogamia, order Fungi.' 

 GENERIC CHARACTER. .Fungus bell-shaped, sessile, con- 

 cealing lens-shaped seed-bearing bodies ; plant concave ; 

 seeds on the upper surface only discharged by jerks. Dr. 

 Withering has given a great number of British species of 

 this Fungus in his Arrangement, to which the reader is re- 

 ferred. Persoon defines 151 species of this plant, which he 

 divides into seven sections. 



Phaca; a genus of the class Diadelphia, order Decandria. 

 GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth one-leafed, 

 tubular, five-toothed. Corolla: papilionaceous; standard 

 obovate, straight, larger; wings oblong, blunt, shorter; keel 

 short, compressed, blunt. Stamina: filamenta diadelphous, 

 (simple and nine-cleft;) antherse roundish, ascending. Pistil: 

 germen oblong ; style awl-shaped, ascending; stigma simple. 

 Pericarp: legume oblong, inflated, half two-celled, with the 

 upper suture depressed towards the lower. Seeds: several, 

 Kidney-form. Observe. The legume is straight in some, in 

 others recurved, so that the tip almost touches the base. In 

 some species of Astragalus, the partition of the legume not 

 being fastened to the lower suture, though it approximates 

 to it, the great affinity between that genus and this is appa- 

 rent. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Legume: two celled. 

 The plants of this genus are propagated by seeds, sown where 

 they are intended to remain. They should be left about six 

 feet asunder, that there may be room to dig between them 

 every spring, which is all the culture they require, except 

 keeping them clean from weeds. The species are, 



1. Phaca Boetica; Hairy Bastard Vetch. Caulescent, 

 erect, hairy. Legumes round, boat-shaped; roots perennial, 

 running very deep into the ground; stems commonly near 

 four feet high, becoming woody, but decaying every autumn ; 

 flowers in spikes, copious, large, and handsome, pure white, 

 but seldom opening in England, unless the season proves 

 very warm, and never producing seeds here. Native of Spain. 



2. Phaca Alpina; Alpine Bastard Vetch. Caulescent, 

 erect, hairy : legumes round, boat-shaped. This has smooth 

 stalks, which do not rise so high as those of the preceding ; 

 the flowers are smaller, the pods shorter, and hanging down. 

 It flowers in July, in two years from the seeds, and the roots 

 rarely live longer than three or four years. Flowers yellow. 

 Native of Siberia, Lapland, Austria, &c. 



3. Phaca Salsula ; Salt Bastard Vetch. Caulescent, erect, 

 canescent: leaves pinnate; legumes peduncled, globular, 

 drooping. Native of Siberia. 



4. Phaca Sibirica. Caulescent : leaflets in fours, lanceo- 

 late, blunt, silky ; calix villose ; teeth bristle-shaped. Native 

 of Siberia, in very dry sand. 



5. Phaca Australis ; Trailing Bastard Vetch. Stem 

 branched, prostrate ; leaflets lanceolate ; wings of the flowers 

 semibifid. Flowers white, with a purple-tipped keel. When 

 young it is hirsute, but as it advances it becomes smooth, 

 and appears like a different plant. It flowers in May and 

 June. Native of the south of Europe. 



6. Phaca Trifoliata; Three-leaved Bastard Vetch. Leaves 

 ornate, oval, blunt ; legumes semiorbiculate; stems filiform, 

 branched. Native of China. 



7. Phaca Vesicaria; Smooth Bladdery Bastard Vetch. 

 Stemless, smooth: fruiting calices ovate, inflated; leaflets 

 lanceolate; root-leaves pinnate, twelve-paired, and more; 



scapes upright, terminated by a raceme. Flowers large and 

 handsome. Native of the Levant. 



8. Phaca Incana; Hoary Bladdery Bastard Vetch. Stem- 

 less, hoary : fruiting calices ovate, inflated, villose ; leaflets 

 oblong, blunt ; scape a span long, round, upright. It differs 

 from the preceding in its hoarinciss, the villoseness of the 

 fruiting calices, and in having oblong, blunt, approximating 

 leaflets ; flowers sessile, the lower ones more remote, spread- 

 ing. Native of Armenia. 



9. Phaca Prostrata ; Procumbent Bastard Vetch. Stem- 

 less : leaflets binate, linear, silky ; scape procumbent ; calix 

 villose; teeth lanceolate, short. Found in the salt-sands, 

 about the lakes of Siberia. 



10. Phaca Microphylla ; Small-leaved Bastard Vetch. 

 Stemless: leaflets binate, ovate, obtuse, villose; calix muri- 

 cate and hairy ; teeth hispid every way ; corolla large, purple. 

 Found by Pallas in the sandy islands of Siberia. 



11. Phaca Muricata. Stemless: leaflets in threes or fours, 

 linear, awl-shaped, muricate underneath; calix smooth; teeth 

 ciliate; root-leaves several, from avillose tuft,longer; corollas 

 yellow. Found by Pallas in the mountainous fields of Siberia. 



Phcethusa; a genus of the class Syngenesia, order Polyga- 

 mia Superflua. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: common 

 many leaved; leaflets in a double row, oblong, gaping at the 

 tip, blunt. Corollas: compound, half-radiate; corollets her- 

 maphrodite, several in the disk; females one to three in the 

 ray, only on one side of the flower; proper of the hermaphro- 

 dites funnel-form, five-toothed, pubescent; female ligulate, 

 oblong, toothed, very long. Stamina: in the hermaphro- 

 dites; filamenta five, very short; antheree cylindrical, tubu- 

 lar, a little longer than the corolla. Pistil: in the hermaph- 

 rodites; germen oblone, villose; style filiform, longer than 

 the stamina; stigmas two, reflex: in the females; germen 

 oblong, a little bigger; style filiform, the length of the her- 

 maphrodites; stigmas two, reflex. Pericarp- none; calix 

 unchanged. Seeds: in the hermaphrodites, solitary, oblong, 

 compressed, villose; down of two awns: in the females, very 

 like the others. Receptacle: chaflfy; chaffs linear, acute, 

 longer than the calix. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix: 

 subcylindric, many-leaved, with unequal recurved scales; 

 florets, hermaphrodite, several in the disk; females, one or 

 two in the ray. Receptacle: chaffy. Seeds: hispid, without 

 any proper down. The only known species is, 



1. Phaethusa Americana. Stem gigantic, eighteen feet 

 high, narrowly four-winged by the decurrent petioles; leaves 

 large, opposite, ovate, acuminote, triple-nerved, obsoletely 

 serrate, subpubescent. Pursh strongly suspects this plant 

 to be the same with Verbesina Siegesbeckia ; although Mi- 

 chaux considers it to be different. Native of Virginia. 



Phalaris; a genus of the class Triandria, order Digynia. 

 GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: double, one-flowered; 

 outer glume two-valved, compressed; valves boat-shaped, 

 compressed, keeled, acute, almost equal, with the edges 

 straight, converging parallelly; inner two-valved ; valves lan- 

 ceolate, acute, pubescent, small, incumbent on the back of 

 the corrolla at the base. Corolla : two-valved, less than the 

 calix; valves oblong, concave, acute, the inner smaller; nec- 

 tary two-leaved ; leaflets lanceolate, acuminate, hyaline, gib- 

 bous at the base. Stamina: filamenta three, capillary; an- 

 theree oblong, forked. Pistil: germen ovate; styles two, 

 capillary, connate at the base; stigmas villose. Pericarp: 

 none : the corolla grows round the seed like a crust, and does 

 not open. Seed : single, ovate, oblong, acuminate, smooth. 

 ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calir: two-valved, keeled, the 



valves equal in length, inclosing" the corolla. The species 



are, 



