282 



PHE 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



PHI 



lute ; root tuberous, fascicled ; flowers wholly yellow, in 

 sobterminating racemes. Native of Cochin-china. 



15. Phaseolus Turikinensis. Stern twining, very much 

 branched ; leaflets conical, small, thick ; banner revolute, of 

 the same colour with the calix ; flowers white, in axillary 

 racemes. Native of Tonquin, and cultivated in Cochin-china. 



** Upright. 



16. Phaseolus Nanus; Ihvarf Kidney Bean. Stem up- 

 right, even ; bractes larger than the calix ; legumes pendu- 

 lous, compressed, wrinkled. This spreads out wide, and 

 ^supports itself without any prop ; flowers white. It is sown 

 in great abundance in the fields of Italy, in the month of 

 May. Retzies remarks, that the character, taken from the 

 relative size of the bractes, is very uncertain ; they being in 

 some varieties larger, in others less than the calix. Native 

 of the East Indies. 



17. Phaseolus Radiatus. Stem upright, round ; flowers in 

 Seads ; legumes cylindric, horizontal; leaves ternate, broad 

 anceolate, hairy ; stipules in pairs, acute ; petioles long. 



.Native of Ceylon, Amboyna, China, Cochin-china, and Japan. 



18. Phaseolus Max; Hairy-podded Kidney Bean. Stem 

 upright, straight, angular, hispid ; legumes pendulous, rough- 

 haired; flowers pale, or greenish-yellow; seeds black, varie- 

 gated with brown, the size of Coriander seed. It flowers in 

 June and July. Native of India. 



19. Phaseolus Mungo ; Hairy-headed Kidney Bean. Stem 

 flexuose, round, hirsute ; legumes in heads, rough-haired. 

 The whole plant is covered with hairiness, of a colour like 

 red wine; seeds many, subovate, brownish green, esculent. 

 Native of the East Indies, China, and Cochin-china. 



20. Phaseolus Lathyroides. Stem upright; leaflets lan- 

 ceolate; flowers in a sort of spike, alternate, mostly in pairs, 

 close together, blood-red ; banner of a paler red ; wings deep 

 red, twice as large as the banner ; keel whitish. Native of 

 Jamaica, in moist sandy grounds. It is common in the sa- 

 vannas about Spanish Town. 



21. Phaseolus Sphserospermus. Stem upright; seeds 

 globular, dyed at the hilum; corolla white ; peduncles axil- 

 lary, strong, nine inches in length. They are reckoned the 

 sweetest and best food of any of the Kidney Beans. Native 

 of both Indies. 



Pheasant's Eye. See Adonis. 



Phellandrium; a genus of the class Pentandria, order Di- 

 gynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: umbel universal, 

 manifold ; partial similar : involucre universal, none ; partial 

 seven-leaved; leaflets acute, the length of the umbellet; pe- 

 rianth proper, five-toothed, permanent. Corolla: universal, 

 almost uniform; florets all fertile in the disk, smaller; pro- 

 per unequal ; petals five, acuminate, cordate, inflex. Sta- 

 mina: filamenta five, capillary, longer than the corolla; an- 

 therse roundish. Pistil: germen inferior; styles two, awl- 

 shaped, erect, permanent ; stigmas blunt. Pericarp : none : 

 fruit ovate, even, crowned with the perianth and pistils, bi- 

 partile. Seeds: two, ovate, smooth. ESSENTIAL CIIARAO 

 TER. Florets of the disk smaller; fruit ovate, even, crowned 

 with the perianth and pistil. The species are, 



1. Phellandrium Aquaticum ; Common Water Hemlock. 

 Ramifications of the leaves divaricated ; root biennial ; radi- 

 cal fibres abundant, placed in whorls at the lower joints of 

 the stem, which they support by rooting in the mud ; stem 

 curved at bottom, and then upright, hollow, and cylindrical, 

 four inches in thickness, smooth, striated, and slightly grooved, 

 branched, distorted, three or four feet in height; corolla 

 small, white; petals little, unequal. It is a native of most 

 parts of Europe, by the side of rivers, ditches, and ponds, 

 where there is mud; flowering in June and July. Linneus 



informs us, that the horses in Sweden by eating this plant 

 are sfsized with a kind of palsy; hence Withering and Sib- 

 thorp have named it Horsebane. This effect, however, is not 

 to be ascribed to the plant, but to a coleopterous insect breed- 

 ing in the stalks, which he therefore names Curculio Para- 

 plecticus. In the winter, the roots and stern, dissected by 

 the influence of the weather, afford a curious skeleton or net- 

 work. The leaves of this plant are sometimes added to dis- 

 cutient cataplasms; and for this purpose, Boerhaave speaks 

 highly of it. The seeds are recommended in intermittents, 

 and are said to be diuretic, antiseptic, and expectorant ; the 

 dose is from one to three drachms daily. When taken in 

 large doses, they produce a sensation of weight in the head, 

 accompanied with giddiness. They have an aromatic acrid 

 taste, approaching to that of Lovage: distilled with water, 

 they yield an essential oil, of a pale yellow colour, and a strong 

 penetrating smell ; one pound of the seeds affords an ounce 

 of watery extract, but nearly double that quantity of spirituous 

 extract, of which more than three drachms consist of resin. 

 The medicinal efficacy of this plant rests chiefly on the testi- 

 monies of Ernstingius and Lange, by whom various cases of 

 its successful use are published, especially in wounds and 

 inveterate ulcers, and even in cancers ; also in pulmonary 

 consumption, asthma, dyspepsia, and intermittent fevers. 

 Dr. Woodville judiciously observes, that though the disorders 

 above named are so dissimilar, as to afford no satisfactory 

 evidence of the medicinal qualities of these seeds, yet they 

 appear to deserve further investigation. In running streams 

 the leaves become divided, like those of Ranunculus Aqua- 

 tilis, in the same situation. Dillenius remarked it between 

 Woodstock and the Duke of Marlborough's bridge at Blen- 

 heim, in such abundance as to impede the course of the 

 stream : also in Hackney river. 



2. Phellandrium Mutellina; Mountain Water Hemlock. 

 Stem almost naked; leaves bipinnate; root thick, branched, 

 the head crowned with bristles ; petals commonly purple, un- 

 equal. Linneus remarks, that it has the leaves of Chserophyl- 

 lum ; and that the involucrets are of the same length with 

 the umbellets. Scopoli says, that in the Alps it is a small 

 plant, but becomes three times as big in a garden ; and has 

 the fruit crowned with a considerable calix, but not with a 

 circle. Haller observes, that it has a very aromatic smell, 

 and that the goodness of the Alpine pastures is inferred from 

 the abundance of this plant. It flowers in August. Native 

 of Siberia, Austria, Carniola, and Switzerland. 



Philadelphus ; a genus of the class Icosandria, order Mo- 

 nogynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth one- 

 leafed, four or five parted, acuminate, permanent. Corolla: 

 petals four or five, roundish, flat, large, spreading. Stamina: 

 filamenta twenty or twenty-five, awl-shaped, the length of 

 the calix; antherae erect, four-grooved. Pistil: germen in- 

 ferior ; style filiform, four or five parted ; stigmas simple. 

 Pericarp: capsule ovate, acuminate at both ends, naked at 

 the top by the calix being barked, four or five celled, parti- 

 tions contrary. Seeds: numerous, oblong, small, decumbent, 

 arilled, fastened to the thickened edge of the partitions; arils 

 club-shaped, acuminate, toothletted at the base. ESSEN- 

 TIAL CHARACTER. Calix: four or five parted, superior. 

 Petals : four or five. Capsule : four or five celled, many- 

 seeded. The species are, 



1. Philadelphus Coronarius ; Common Syringa. Leaves 

 somewhat toothed. This is a shrub that sends up a great 

 number of stalks from the roots, seven or eight feet in height, 

 having a grey bark, and putting forth several short branches 

 from their sides. The flowers come out from the side and at 

 the. ends of the branches, in loose bunches, each on a short 



