PHL 



OR, BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. 



PHL 



285 



might however answer very well with other coarse grasses, 

 in moist ground, kept very close down by feeding. 



2. Phleum Alpinum ; Alpine Cafs-tail Grass. Spike ovate, 

 cylindrical ; awns about as long as the glumes ; root peren- 

 nial, inclined to creeping, and a little tuberous ; stem mostly 

 solitary, simple, ascending a foot or more in height, leafy 

 below, naked, smooth, striated, and very straight above. 

 Native of the mountains of Lapland, Switzerland, &c. In 

 Britain it was first discovered near Garway Moor in Scot- 

 land ; and probably may be found in similar situations in 

 other parts of our island, since it forms a principal part of 

 the turf in the most elevated pastures of Switzerland. It 

 flowers with us at the end of July. 



3. Phleum Gerardi. Spike roundish ; glumes ciliate ; 

 culm simple ; sheaths of the leaves ventricose ; root perennial, 

 with an oblong bulb, transverse, and woody as it grows old, 

 rooting deeply, with blackish fibres springing from the lower 

 part of the transverse tuber. -Native of the high mountains 

 of Provence, Italy, Carniola, Syria, and of the Pyrenees. 



4. Phleum Nodosum ; Knobbed-rooted Cat's-tail Grass. 

 Spike cylindrical ; culm ascending; leaves oblique; root bul- 

 bous. Dr. Withering says there are three or four bulbs on 

 the culm, half an inch asunder, and two lanceolate scales to 

 each bulbous joint. Found near Bath, on the Warminster 

 road, and in dry hilly pastures in most places. 



Phlomis; a genus of the class Didynamia, order Gymno- 

 spermia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth one- 

 leafed, tubular, oblong, five-cornered, toothed, permanent ; 

 involucre below the whorl. Corolla : one-petalled, ringent ; 

 tube oblong ; upper lip ovate, vaulted, incumbent, com- 

 pressed, villose, obsoletely bifid; lower lip trifid ; the middle 

 segment larger, two-lobed, blunt ; the side ones small, more 

 acute. Stamina: filamenta four, concealed under the upper 

 lip, of which two are longer ; antheree oblong. Pistil : ger- 

 men four-parted; style the length and situation of the sta- 

 mina ; stigma bifid, acute ; the lower cleft longer. Pericarp: 

 none ; calix containing the seeds at the bottom. Seeds : 

 four, oblong, three-sided. Observe. It differs from Leonu- 

 rus by the want of points on the antherse. The figure of the 

 calix and lips of the corolla varies. ESSENTIAL CHARAC- 

 TER. Calix : angular. Corolla : upper lip incumbent, com- 

 pressed, villose. The species are, 



1. Phlomis Fruticosa; Shrubby Phlomis, or Jerusalem 

 Sage. Leaves roundish., tomentose, crenate ; involucres lan- 

 ceolate ; stem shrubby. Native of the southern parts of Eu- 

 rope, in dry rocky situations, especially near the sea. Mr. 

 Miller divides this and its varieties into three species. The 

 first has a pretty thick shrubby stalk, covered with a loose 

 bark, rising five or six feet in height, and dividing into many 

 irregular branches, which are four-cornered and woolly when 

 young, and afterwards become woody ; their joints are 

 pretty far asunder ; at each of these are placed two roundish 

 leaves, opposite, on short foot-stalks, they are woolly on their 

 under side ; the flowers come out in thick whorls round the 

 stalks, and are yellow; they appear from June to August ; 

 but the seeds very rarely ripen here. The second, or nar- 

 row-leaved Phlomis, does not rise so high as the other; the 

 branches are weaker; the leaves longer, narrower, and 

 rourfder ; the whorls of flowers smaller, but the flowers of the 

 same shape and colour. The third, has a shrubby stalk like 

 the first, but seldom rises more than three feet and a half 

 high, sending out branches on every side. Dillenius des- 

 cribes the stems of this species as from a foot to two feet in 

 height, woody, and upright; branches opposite, quadrangu- 



fir, villose ; leaves thick, at first hoary, but afterwards green 

 n the upper surface : those on the flowering branches are 



green on both sides, on shorter and wider petioles, bluntly 

 notched about the edge, but the notches scarcely visible, es- 

 pecially on the upper ones ; the surface wrinkled and hir- 

 sute ; the twigs on which the flowers grow are commonly 

 curved in, and reclined ; whorls on each shoot sometimes 

 two or only one, terminating the uppermost branchlets, com- 

 posed of several broadish hirsute leaflets, and large flowers 

 of a dusky yellow colour, in a wide head. This plant was 

 formerly kept in pots, and housed in winter with other exotic 

 plants ; but of late years it has been planted in the open air, 

 where it is seldom injured by cold, unless in very severe win- 

 ters : so it is intermixed with other shrubs of the same growth 

 in shrubberies, where it adds to the variety ; for as these 

 shrubs retain their hoary woolly leaves all the year, they, 

 make a good appearance in winter ; and their yellow flowers, 

 which continue great part of the summer, being intermixed 

 with their hoary leaves, have a good effect. These shrubs 

 should have a dry soil, and a warm sheltered situation, or 

 they will not live in the open air. They may be planted 

 among Cistuses of all the different sorts, the Shrubby Moon 

 Trefoil, Wormwood Tree, and some other exotic shrubs, of 

 the same countries, which require a warm situation, and a dry 

 soil, being too tender for open plantations which are exposed 

 to strong cofd winds ; and as they are not of long duration, 

 they are better when separated from trees and shrubs which 

 continue many years, for they rarely live above twelve or 

 fourteen years in dry ground, and not more than half that 

 time in cold moist land, or where they are not well sheltered 

 They are propagated by parting their roots ; or by cuttings, 

 which if planted in a bed of light earth in April, just before 

 the plants begin to shoot, and covered with mats to screen 

 them from the sun every day, as also to observe when the 

 ground is dry to give them water gently, they will get good 

 roots in about two months or ten weeks, when they may be 

 carefully taken up, and transplanted into a nursery to re- 

 main one year, and then be transplanted to the places where 

 they are designed to stand, for they will not bear transplant- 

 ing afterwards, 



2. Phlomis Purpurea ; Sharp-leaved Purple Phlomis. 

 Bractes lanceolate, acute, pungent. Calices five-cornered, 

 acuminate ; leaves underneath very closely woolly ; stem 

 rather shrubby, erect, branched, slightly quadrangular, co- 

 vered with thick wool, especially the younger branches ; 

 footstalk channelled, very woolly : the wool of the whole 

 plant is formed like stars, as in various species of this 

 genus, and several others. It flowers in June. Native of 

 Spain. This and the next species may be propagated and 

 treated in the same way as the first, only this is more im- 

 patient of cold. Severe frost indeed will destroy both of 

 them in the open border; hence they require some occasional 

 protection, and a plant of each should be kept in the green- 

 house to guard against accidents. 



3. Phlomis Italica ; Blunt-leaved Purple Phlomis. Bractes 

 lanceolate, obtuse, unarmed. Calices truncate, pointless ; 

 leaves woolly on both sides. This plant is common in our 

 gardens. It flowers from June to August. Native of Por- 

 tugal. See the preceding species. 



4. Phlomis Nissolii. Root-leaves cordate, sagittate, tomen- 

 tose, villose on both sides ; root perennial, as are also the 

 lower leaves, which do not rise immediately from the root 

 but stand in clusters upon short trailing woolly branches ; 

 stalks annual, slender, a foot high ; these stalks generally 

 send out two side-branches opposite near the bottom, and 

 from this division, to the top, have thin whorls of yellow 

 flowers, not closely joined together, but each flower stands 

 separate. The flowers appear in June and July, but there 



