338 



P IP 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



P I P 



require a glass to be discerned: the whole spike much resem- 

 bles the tail of a lizard, which led Plumier to call it Sau- 

 rurus. It flowers from April to September; and is a native 

 of South America and the West Indies. It rarely produces 

 seeds in England, but increases very fast by the stalks, which 

 put out roots, as do many other species: it should have little 

 water, especially in winter. If the plants be plunged into 

 the tan-beds in the stove, the stalks will strike new roots into 

 the tan, and may be cut off to produce new plants. 



32. Piper Retusuin. Leaves obovate, retuse. Native of 

 the Cape of Good Hope. 



33. Piper Glabellum. Herbaceous : leaves ovate, acu- 

 minate ; stem declined, rooting, very much branched. It is 

 nearly allied to the twenty-seventh species, but differs in 

 having a weak stem, very much branched, somewhat creep- 

 ing and rooting ; the leaves ovate-acuminate, less, and not 

 so thick ; spikes smaller and shorter. It flowers in spring. 

 Native of the West Indies. 



34. Piper Serpens. Herbaceous : leaves roundish, acute, 

 flat, discoloured ; stem creeping, Native of Jamaica, in 

 rocky woods, among moss. 



35. Piper Cordifolium. Herbaceous : leaves obcordate, 

 petioled, plano-convex, fleshy ; stem creeping ; flowers very 

 minute, whitish. The whole plant has a sharp taste. It is 

 very distinct from the others in the leaves. Native of Jamaica 

 in old woods, and upon decaying trees. 



36. Piper Nummularifolium. Herbaceous : leaves orbi- 

 cular, concavo-convex ; stem filiform, creeping, rooting. 

 Native of the interior of Jamaica, on old trees. 



37. Piper Rotundifolium. Herbaceous : leaves roundish, 

 flat, fleshy ; stem filiform, creeping ; spikes terminating, 

 shortly peduncled, round, solitary, small. Jacquin observes 

 that the leaves are greasy to the touch, of a bright green, 

 with a peculiarly fragrant reviving odour, entitling them to 

 be ranked among the aromatics and cephalics, and which 

 they retain for several years when dried; he has seen a distil- 

 led water from them, yielding the pleasant scent of the plant. 

 Native of Jamaica and Martinico, in close moist woods, 

 covering the entire mossy trunks of old trees, and on stones 

 covered with moss. . 



38. Piper Maculosum. Leaves peltate, ovate. Native of 

 Dominica. 



39. Piper Peltatum. Leaves peltate, orbicular, cordate, 

 blunt, repand ; spikes umbelled. It is readily distinguished 

 by its large peltate leaves. Native of Jamaica and Do- 

 minica. 



40. Piper Subpeltatum. Leaves subpeltate, orbicular-cor- 

 date, acuminate; spikes umbelled. Native of Amboyna and 

 Baley, in woods among the mountains. 



41. Piper Distachyon. Leaves ovate, acuminate ; spikes 

 conjugate; stem rooting. Native of the mountains of Ja- 

 maica, Hispaniola, and Dominica. 



42. Piper Umbellatum ; Umbelled Pepper, or Santa Maria 

 Leaf. Leaves orbicular-cordate, acuminate, veined ; spikes 

 umbelled ; stem erect, grooved, pubescent ; root annual, 

 Native of the West Indies. Browne says it is very common 

 in the woods of Jamaica, and is seldom more than three or 

 four feet high; that the leaves are very large and round, and 

 the foot-stalks embracing the stem at the insertion. Piso 

 affirms the root to be a warm active remedy against poisons ; 

 and that a syrup is made of it in many parts of the sugar 

 colonies, which is much used by the inhabitants in colds 

 and catarrhs. 



43. Piper Trifolium ; Three-leaved Pepper. Leaves in 

 threes, roundish. Native of South America. 



44. Piper Pereskisefolium. Leaves in whorhs of three or 



four, elliptic, three nerved, smooth ; spike terminating, soli-, 

 tary ; stem spotted. Native of Venezuela. 



45. Piper Polystachyon ; Many-spiked Pepper. Leaves 

 in whorls, rhomb-ovate, quite entire, petioled, three-nerved, 

 pubescent ; root perennial, creeping. The whole plant has 

 an unpleasant taste, but hardly any smell. Native of the 

 West Indies. 



46. Piper Quadrifolium. Leaves in fours, wedge-form, 

 ovate, emarginate, subsessile ; stem erect. Native of South 

 America and Jamaica, on very lofty woody mountains. 



47. Piper VerticiUatum ; Whorl-leaved Pepper. Leaves 

 in whorls four together, elliptic, blunt, three-nerved. Native 

 of Jamaica. 



48. Piper Stellatum ; Starry-leaved Pepper. Leaves in 

 whorls, three, four, or five together, oblong, acuminate, 

 three-nerved ; root simple, filamentose, whitish ; flowers very 

 minute, green. Native of the mountain woods in Jamaica. 



49. Piper Reflexum ; Reflex-leaved Pepper. Leaves in 

 fours, rhombed, fleshy, reflex, and patulous ; stem creeping ; 

 roots filiform. Native of the East Indies, on the trunks of 

 old trees : found also at the Cape of Good Hope, and in the 

 South Sea Islands. 



50. Piper Pulchellum ; Small-leaved Pepper. Leaves in 

 fours, subsessile, oblong, nerveless, quite entire; stem round; 

 spikes terminating. It flowers from July to September, and 

 is a native of Jamaica. 



51. Piper Filiforme. Herbaceous :. leaves linear, blunt, 

 the uppermost in whorls; stem filiform, creeping; roots capil- 

 lary. Willdenow observes that .it is very nearly related to 

 the preceding species. Native of Jamaica, among the mosa 

 at the roots of trees on high mountains. 



52. Piper Ovatum. Leaves ovate, veined, many-nerved, 

 equal at the base; berries pedicelled, distant; branches even. 

 Native of Trinidad. 



53. Piper Caudatum. Leave? cordate, nine-nerved, veined, 

 smooth, attenuated, with a deep sinus at the base; stem 

 shrubby, round, smooth, even. Native of Brazil. 



54. Piper Rugosum. Leaves ovate-oblong, veined, smooth, 

 nearly equal at the base, netted underneath; branches even; 

 petioles simple. Found in Cayenne. 



55. Piper .ZEquale. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, veined, 

 attenuated, equal at the base, smooth ; branches even, knee- 

 jointed. Found in the island of Montserrat. 



56. Piper Preemorsum. Leaves lanceolate, elliptic, atte- 

 nuated, smooth, shorter on one side at the base; spikes re- 

 curved at top. Native of Surinam. 



57. Piper Obovatum. Leaves in threes, petioled, obovate, 

 emarginate, smooth; stem creeping; branches diffused, root- 

 ing, smooth, the size of a small packthread, alternate, except 

 that sometimes the lowest are opposite, brown. It is sus- 

 pected to be only a variety. Found in the island of Mont- 

 serrat. 



58. Piper Microstachyum. Leaves oblong, acuminate, 

 equal at the base, veined underneath; spikes very short, 

 mucronate ; stem branched ; branches dichotomous, round, 

 striated above. Found in Cayenne. 



59. Piper Grande. Leaves ovate-oblong, acuminate, many- 

 nerved, equal at the base and petioles ; branches striated, 

 smooth, the thickness of a goose-quill ; joints knobbed ; inter- 

 nodes three or four inches long ; flowers very minute. 



60. Piper Scabrum. Leaves broad, ovate acuminate, ob- 

 lique, wrinkled, rugged ; spikes erect. This is a shrub, five 

 or six feet high ; stem upright, round, somewhat rugged. 

 Native of the mountains in the most temperate parts of 

 Jamaica. 



Piperidge Tree. See Berberis. 



