RO S 



OR, BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. 



ROS 



481 



suckers ; and should be preferred before them, because they 

 may be much easier kept within compass, and these will 

 also flower much stronger. These plants may be trans- 

 planted any time from October to April ; but when they are 

 designed to flower strong the first year after planting, they 

 should be planted early. Most of the species delight in a 

 rich moist soil and an open situation, in which they will 

 produce a greater quantity of flowers, and those much fairer 

 than when they are upon a dry soil or in a shady situation. 

 The pruning which they require is only to cut out their dead 

 wood, and take off all the suckers, which should be done 

 every autumn; and if there are any very luxuriant branches, 

 which draw the nourishment from the other parts of the 

 plant, they should be taken out or shortened, to cause them 

 to produce more branches, if there be occasion for them to 

 supply a vacancy : but you must avoid crowding them with 

 branches, which is as injurious to these plants as to fruit- 

 trees ; for if the branches have not equal benefit from the 

 sun and air, they will not produce the flowers so strong nor 

 rn so great plenty, as when they are more open, and better 

 exposed to the sun, that the air may freely circulate between 

 them. For further particulars, see the nineteenth species. 



2. Rosa Lutea ; Single Yellow Rose. Fruits globular, with 

 the peduncles smooth; calicos and petioles spinulose; prickles 

 of the branches straight; stalks closely armed with short 

 crooked brown prickles. The Austrian Rose, which is a 

 variety of this species, has the stalk, branches, and leaves, 

 like those of the Single Yellow Rose, but the leaves are 

 rounder and the flowers larger, and are either scentless or 

 disagreeable. These two sorts of Rose seldom shoot so 

 strong as most other sorts, especially in the light land near 

 London : they are esteemed for their colour only, being very 

 different from all other Roses. Native of Germany and Italy. 



3. Rosa Sulphurea; Double Yellow Rose. Fruits globular; 

 petioles and stem prickly ; prickles of the stem of two sorts, 

 larger, with numerous smaller ones ; leaves oval. This dif- 

 fers from the preceding, not only in the doubleness of the 

 flowers, but in having the leaflets simply serrate, not glan- 

 dular, pubescent and glaucous underneath, whereas in the 

 second species they are doubly serrate, glandular, and glu- 

 tinous, and of a shining green colour; the stipules lacerated ; 

 the fruits hemispherical and glandular, which in this are sub- 

 globular and smooth. The flowers are a rich, but delicate 

 golden yellow. See the first species. 



4. Rosa Blanda ; Hudson's Bay Rose. Fruits globular, 

 smooth ; the stems, when adult, even and unarmed. Flowers 

 solitary, moderately large, crimson. It flowers from May to 

 August. Native of Newfoundland and Hudson's Bay. 



5. Rosa Cinnamomea; Cinnamon Rose. Fruits globular, 

 with the peduncles smooth; stem with stipular prickles; 

 petioles mostly unarmed. This rises four feet high : the 

 branches are covered with a purplish smooth bark, and have 

 no spines ; the flowers small, of a purplish blush-colour, with 

 a scent like Cinnamon, whence the name. It is a native of 

 the south of Europe. The shoots of the Double Cinnamon 

 Rose are redder; the flowers small, short, thick, and double, 

 of a pale red colour at the end of the leaves, somewhat red- 

 der and brignter towards the middle. It flowers in May, and 

 is the earliest and smallest of the Double Garden Roses. The 

 root creeps much. See the first and nineteenth species. 



6. Rosa Arvensis ; White Dog Rose. Fruits globular, 

 with the peduncles unarmed ; prickles of the stem and peti- 

 oles hooked ; flowers subcymed. This has round, glaucous, 

 and often mahogany-coloured stems, with very long thong- 

 like branches, bowing with scattered hooked prickles, which 

 are smaller than those in the Rosa Canina, and the flower is 



always white and scentless. Native of England, Switzerland, 

 and Germany, Dauphiny, Piedmont, and probably other parts 

 of Europe. With us it is frequent in hedges and thickets, 

 flowering in June and July, and is said to be common in the 

 west of Yorkshire, and about Manchester. 



7. Rosa Pimpinellifolia ; Small Burnet-leaved Rose. Fruits 

 globular, with the peduncles smooth ; prickles on the stem 

 scattered, straight; petioles rugged ; leaflets blunt. This is 

 a very elegant shrub, a foot and half or two feet high. It 

 flowers here in May and June. Native of the south of 

 Europe, and Asia. 



8. Rosa Spinosissima ; Scotch Rose. Fruits globular, 

 smooth ; peduncles smooth (or hispid ;) prickles on the stem 

 very numerous, straight, bristle-shaped ; leaflets roundish, 

 smooth ; petals white or cream-coloured, yellow at the base, 

 delicately fragrant, sometimes striped with red. The pericarp 

 is full of a fine purple juice, which, Dr. Withering informs 

 us, when diluted with water, dyes silk and muslin of a peach 

 colour, and, with the addition of alum, a deep violet; but 

 adds, that it has little effect on woollen or linen. He remarks, 

 that the ripe fruit is eaten by children, and has a grateful 

 subacid taste ; and the singular elegance of its little leaves, 

 resembling those of the Upland Burnet, entitle it to a place 

 in the flower garden. There are several varieties. Native 

 of most parts of Europe : in Great Britain it is found on the 

 borders of fields, on heath and downs, in hedges, and on 

 ditch-banks, on a gravelly or sandy soil. 'This is the lowest 

 of all the species, and ought to be placed among other shrubs 

 of the same growth, which should have a moist soil and shady 

 situation. See the first species, for further directions. 



9. Rosa Parviflora ; Small-flowered American Rose. Fruits 

 globular, depressed, with the peduncles hispid; petioles sub- 

 pubescent, somewhat prickly ; stem smooth ; stipular prickles 

 straight; leaflets elliptic ; flowers mostly in pairs. This very 

 much resembles the two following species, but differs in 

 having the stem two feet high, the petioles hairy at top, and 

 the flowers in pairs. There is a variety of it with a double 

 flower. Native of North America. 



10. Rosa LucUla; Shining -leaved American Rose. Fruits 

 globular, depressed, with the peduncles subhispid ; petioles 

 smooth, somewhat prickly ; stem smooth ; stipular prickles 

 straight ; leaflets oblong, elliptic, shining, smooth ; flowers 

 on short peduncles, solitary, a little smaller, and of a deeper 

 red than those of the Common Wild Rose, and smelling sweet 

 like the Damask Rose. Native of North America. See the 

 first and nineteenth species, for its propagation. 



11. Rosa Carolina; Carolina Rose. Fruits globular, with 

 the peduncles subhispid ; petioles hairy, somewhat prickly ; 

 stem smooth ; stipular prickles somewhat hooked ; leaflets 

 oblong-lanceolate ; flowers corymbed. It flowers late ; and 

 is a native of North America, in swamps, &c. 



12. RosaVillosa; Apple Rose. Fruits globular, with the 

 peduncles hispid ; prickles on the stem straightish ; leaflets 

 elliptic, tomentose on both sides ; corolla of a full rose colour, 

 not very odoriferous. Retzius informs us, that a large vari- 

 ety of it, brought from Holland, and planted in a fertile soil, 

 produced fruit that was quite smooth ; and then being trans- 

 planted into a Worse soil, the fruit became very hispid. This 

 species is well known in gardens and plantations both in a 

 single and double state, and occurs in many parts of Europe 

 and Asia. It grows copiously in Westmoreland, Cumberland, 

 and the north of Yorkshire, as well as in some parts of Scot- 

 land ; as in the way from Edinburgh to Ravelston wood; 

 about Killin in Breadalbane; and upon the coast of Fife. 

 The large deep red fruit remains till eaten by birds, or de- 

 stroyed by frost and wet. A pleasant acid pulp surrounds 



