494 



RUB 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



RUB 



all manner of fluxes and haemorrhages. A decoction of the 

 leaves, with the addition of a little honey, is an excellent 

 gargle for the thrush, and all other sorenesses of the mouth 

 and throat. The juice of the fruit, with sugar, makes a 

 pleasant and wholesome wine. A decoction of the flowers 

 provokes urine, and is good in the stone and gravel. The 

 green twigs are of great use in dyeing woollen, silk, and 

 mohair, black. Silkworms will sometimes feed upon the 

 leaves, for want of those of the Mulberry. The Bramble is 

 easily increased by laying down its branches, which put out 

 roots at every joint very freely. They may be transplanted 

 at any time from September to March, and will grow in 

 almost any soil or situation. It may assist in making or 

 strengthening a fence ; and the varieties with double flowers 

 and variegated leaves are very ornamental in plantations. 



15. Rubus Villosus ; Hairy Bramble. Leaves quinate, 

 elliptic, acuminate, sharply serrate, villose on both sides ; 

 stems and petioles prickly ; clusters simple, lax, hairy, and 

 glandular, sometimes leafy. Native of North America, from 

 New England to Carolina, in old fields and commons, flow- 

 ering in June and July, and there called Blackberries. 



16. Rubus Canadensis ; Canadian Raspberry. Leaves 

 digitate, in tens, fives, and threes ; stem unarmed.' Native 

 of Canada, in rocky barren woods. 



17. Rubus Odoratus; Flowering Raspberry. Leaves 

 simple, palmate; stem unarmed, rnany-leaved, many-flow- 

 ered; root perennial, creeping. It rarely produces fruit with 

 us ; but in North America, the berries, says Mr. Pursh, are 

 yellow, of a large size, and very fine flavour. Nurserymen 

 and gardeners have called it the Flowering Raspberry, be- 

 cause it is regarded in Europe merely for its large crimson 

 flowers, which are showy, and plentifully produced in suc- 

 cession during the whole summer. Found in the woods of 

 Canada, and on the Alleghany mountains, from New York to 

 Carolina, flowering i June and July. This plant is extremely 

 hardy, and easily propagated by suckers ; the only care re- 

 quired is to keep it within proper bounds. Young plants 

 produce the largest and finest flowers; on account of which, 

 and the largeness and elegant form of the leaves, it has long 

 had a place in our ornamental plantations. 



18. Rubus Moluccanus; Molucca Bramble. Leaves simple, 

 cordate, sublobed; stem prickly, decumbent. Native of 

 Amboyna, and the Molucca islands. 



19. Rubus Microphyllus. Shrubby, prickly: leaves sim- 

 ple, cordate, ovate, blunt, sublobate, smooth; peduncles 

 solitary, one-flowered ; fruit yellow, esculent, sapid. Native 

 of Japan, between Miaco and Quana, flowering in April. 



20. Rubus Incisus. Leaves simple, cordate, gashed, 

 smooth; stem erect, prickly. Native of Japan. 



21. Rubus Japonicus. Shrubby, unarmed, very smooth ; 

 leaves simple, cordate, oblong, acuminate, doubly serrate ; 

 peduncles solitary, one-flowered. Native of Japan. This is 

 the Corchorus Japonicus of Thunberg ; a beautiful shrub, quite 

 hardy, and introduced into our gardens : its double yellow 

 flowers are much admired. 



22. Rubus Corchorifolius. Shrubby, prickly, tomentose: 

 leaves simple, oblong, cordate, serrate; peduncles solitary, 

 one-flowered. Native of Japan. 



23. Rubus Elongatus. Leaves simple, cordate, acuminate, 

 doubly cremate, tomentose underneath; stem prickly; calices 

 blunt. Found in Java. 



24. Rubus Pyrifolius. Leaves simple, oval, ac-uminate, 

 serrate, naked ; slem prickly, panicled ; petals minute. 

 Native of .lav, i. 



2.5. Iiubu-* Strignsns. Plant, unarmed, very rough : leaflets 

 three, pinnate-qumMe, oval, obtuse at the base, acuminate ; 



calices acuminate ; flowers at the top of the branchlets, axil- 

 lary, solitary; peduncles and calices hispid. Grows on the 

 mountains from Canada to Virginia. This is an upright 

 shrub, the berries of which are agreeable to eat. 



26. Rubus Cuneifolius. Branches, petioles, and pedun- 

 cles tomentose, recurvate-aculeate ; leaves from three to five, 

 digitate; leaflets cuneate-obovate, unequally toothed ; racemes 

 terminal, paniculate; pedicels divaricate, somewhat naked. 

 This is a straggling brier, of a gray aspect, with hard dry 

 berries. It grows iu the sandy fields and woods of New 

 Jersey and Carolina. 



27. Rubus Trivialis ; American Dewberry. Plant sarmen- 

 tose procumbent; petioles and peduncles recurvate, aculeate- 

 hispid; stipules subulate ; leaves ternate or quinate, oblong- 

 oval, acute, unequally serrate, subpubescent ; pedicels soli- 

 tary, elongated ; petals obovate, three times as long as the 

 calix. The flowers of this species are large ; and the berries 

 black, and large, with a very agreeable taste, known by the 

 name of Dewberries. A common American plant, growing 

 in old fields from New England to Carolina. 



28. Rubus Spectabilis ; Elegant American Bramble. Plant 

 unarmed, glabrous: leaves ternate, ovate, acute, duplicate- 

 unequally-serrate, pubesceiU on the under side ; peduncles 

 terminal, uniflorous, solitary ; petals ovate, of a fine deep 

 purple colour ; segments of the calix oblong, short acuminate, 

 pubescent. Grow on the banks of the Columbia. This is 

 a very beautiful plant, four or five feet high, smooth, and 

 destitute of prickles. 



** Subherbaceoits. 



29. Rubus Pedatus. Leaves pedate, quinate, gashed ; 

 peduncles filiform, bracted in the middle; calices smoothish. 

 This is a tender delicate plant, with cieepiug roots, throwing 

 up at intervals short simple stems, with one or two leaves. 

 Found in the western parts of North America. 



30. Rubus Saxatilis ; Stone. Bramble. Leaves ternate, 

 smoothish; runners creeping, herbaceous ; panicle few-flow- 

 ered. The whole herb is of a slender delicate habit, light 

 green, slightly downy. It spreads much by its long trading 

 shoots, naked or leafy, which do not blossom till their extre- 

 mities have taken root. The fruit is of a most beautiful pink 

 colour when ripe, of an agreeable acid flavour, composed of 

 three or four large acini or grains. The Scotch call them 

 Roebuck-berries, and the Russians ferment them with honey, 

 and extract a potent spirit from them. Native of Europe, 

 especially in the northern parts: in Scotland, Wales, and Ire- 

 land, it occurs among stones, in shady places on the sides of 

 mountains. It is not unfrequent in the northern parts of Eng-- 

 land, where it has been noticed in the woods about Settle and 

 Ingleton, Yorkshire ; not far from the summit of Helsfelnab, 

 near Kendal, in Westmoreland ; at Dob bottom near Burnley, 

 Lancashire; and upon the hills opposite Matlock baths, Der- 

 byshire. It flowers in June. 



31. Rubus Arcticus ; Dwarf Crimson Bramble. Leaves 

 ternate, smooth; stem unarmed, one-flowered; root creeping, 

 but no runners; fruit purple, sweet, and fragrant, very plea- 

 sant, and, according to Linneus, almost as large as a mulberry. 

 The same great botanist, in his Lapland journey, when almost 

 sinking under hunger and fatigue, found himself relieved, 

 and his spirits refreshed, by eating these vinous berries. He 

 informs, us, that the principal people in the province of Nor- 

 land make a syrup, a jelly, and a wine, from these berries, 

 which they partly consume themselves, and partly send to 

 their friends at Stockholm, as a dainty of the rarest and most 

 delicious kind; and he adds, that of all the wild Swedish 

 berries this holds the first place. U flowers here in June. 

 Native of the north of Europe, Asia, and America. 



