RU D 



OR, BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. 



R UD 



495 



3'2. Rubus Trifidus. Leaves simple, three-cleft, out and ser- 

 rated, smooth; stem unarmed. Fruit esculent, and pleasantly 

 tasted. Native of Japan, near Quana; flowering; in April. 



33. Rubus Stellatus. Leaves simple, cordate, three-lobed, 

 wrinkle-veined; stem unarmed, one-flowered, erect; petals lan- 

 ceolate. The fruit is purple ; root perennial, branched, fibrous. 

 Found in the back settlements of North America. 



34. Rubus Geoides. Leaves simple and ternate, blunt, 

 serrate, naked, the end leaf very large. Found in South 

 America, at the straits of Magellan. 



35. Rubus Chamsemorus ; Mountain Bramble, or Cloud- 

 berry. Leaves simple, lobed ; stem unarmed, one-flowered ; 

 calicine segments ovate. This plant has an elegant appear- 

 ance. Root creeping, throwing up here and there solitary 

 stems about a span high ; leaves shaped like those of the 

 Mallow ; flowers on long stalks, white ; berries of a tawny 

 dull orange colour, composed of many acini, acid, mucila- 

 ginous, and not unpleasant: from the lofty situations in which 

 they grow, they have obtained the name of Cloud-berries, as 

 also Knot and Knout berries. The flowers appear in June 

 soon after the snow is dissolved ; and the fruit is scarcely 

 well ripened in August, before the plant is again overwhelmed 

 with its wintery covering. The snow preserves the fruit, and 

 is used by the Laplanders to keep it through the winter ; for 

 they, as well as the Scotch Highlanders, esteem it one of the 

 most grateful and useful fruits, especially on account of its 

 long duration. Its taste has something of the flavour of 

 Tamarinds ; and it is held to be highly antiscorbutic. The 

 Norwegians pack them up in wooden vessels and send them 

 to Stockholm, where they are served up in desserts or made 

 into tarts; while the Laplanders bruise and eat them with the 

 milk of their reindeer. Native of Sweden, Denmark, Nor- 

 way, Siberia, and Great Britain. It is found on the highest 

 mountains in Scotland, as Ben Lomond, and the mountains 

 about Loch Rannock in Perthshire; and in the peat-bogs and 

 mountains of Carnarvonshire, and other counties of Wales. 

 In England, it has been observed about Settle, Ingleton, 

 Ingleborough, and near Egleston, in Yorkshire; between 

 Patterdale and Keswick in Cumberland ; on Axedge near 

 Buxton, Derbyshire; and in Barrowfield wood and Cald 

 Kail-scrogs, near Kendal in Westmoreland. 



36. Rubus Dalibarda; Simple-leaved Bramble. Leaves 

 simple, cordate, undivided, crenate; scape leafless, one- 

 flowered; root creeping, fibrous; runners prostrate, herba- 

 ceous. Grows in Canada, in shady woods and bogs. 



37. Rubus Obovalis. Hairs rigid, hispid; leaves ternate, 

 rotund-oboval, serrate, naked ; stipules setaceous ; racemes 

 floriferous, subcorymbose, with few flowers; bractes ovate ; 

 pedicels elongate; berries with only a few large grains, black 

 and sweet. Grows in swamps among Sphagnum, on the 

 mountains from New York to Carolina. 



38. Rubus Pistillatus. Stem unarmed, one-flowered; 

 leaves ternate, glabrous, finely serrated ; petals oblong, 

 entire; styles approximating. Grows in the bogs of Canada, 

 and on the north-west coast of America. 



Rudbeckia ; a genus of the class Syngenesia, order Poly- 

 gamia-Frustranea. GENERIC CHARACTER. Cnlix : com- 

 mon with a double row of scales; scales flat, widish, short, 

 six in each row. Corolla: compound radiate; corollets 

 maphrodite, numerous, in a conical disk ; females about 



elve, very long, in the ray: proper of the hermaphrodite 

 tubular, funnel-form, with a five-toothed border; female 

 ligulate, lanceolate, with two or three teeth, flat, pendulous. 

 Stamina: in the hermaphrodites; filamenta five, capillary, 

 very short; antherse cylindrical, tubular. Pistil: in the her- 



Kphrodites; germen four-cornered; style filiform, the length 

 VOL. ii. 107. 



of the corollets ; stigma two-parted, revolute. In the females ; 

 germen very small ; style none ; stigma none. Pericarp : none, 

 except the unchanged calix. Seeds: in the hermaphrodites 

 only, solitary, oblong, crowned with a membranaceous four- 

 toothed rim; in the females none. Receptacle: chaffy, coni- 

 cal, longer than the common calix ; chaffs the length of the 

 seeds, erect, channelled-concave, deciduous. ESSENTIAL 

 CHARACTER. Calix: with a double row of scales. Seed: 

 crowned with a four-toothed rim. Receptacle : chaffy, coni- 

 cal. The species are, 



1. Rudbeckia Laciniata; Broad Jagged-leaved Rudbeckia. 

 Leaves compound, laciniate. A hardy perennial: stems five, 

 eight, or ten feet high, erect, branched, furrowed, smooth ; 

 flowers large, terminal ; radius yellow; disk ovate, brown. 

 Mr. Miller makes two species of this, both of which are natives 

 of North America, particularly of Virginia and Canada, and 

 flowers here in July. Neither this nor the next species pro- 

 duces seeds here, but they are easily propagated by parting 

 the roots ; are hardy, and delight in a moist soil. 



2. Rudbeckia Digitata; Narroiv Jagged-leaved Rudbeckia. 

 Lower leaves compound ; stem-leaves quinate and ternate ; 

 upper ones single. It flowers in August and September. 

 Native of North America. 



3. Rudbeckia Triloba; Three-lobed Rudbeckia. Leaves 

 spatulate ; the lower three-lobed ; the upper undivided ; stem 

 hairy, much branched. Native of North America. In warm 

 summers this species perfects its seeds in England, and the 

 plants will live through the winter in the open air in mild 

 seasons, and may be increased by slips or heads ; but the 

 best way is to raise them from seeds, and in the second year 

 the seedlings will flower and produce ripe seeds. 



4. Rudbeckia Hirta; Hairy Rudbeckia. Leaves undivided, 

 spatulate, ovate, triple-nerved, serrate, rough-haired ; recep- 

 tacle conical; chaffs lanceolate. The peduncle is naked, 

 nearly a foot in length, and is terminated by one pretty large 

 yellow flower, shaped like the Sunflower. The succession 

 of flowers lasts six weeks, until the middle of July, when 

 the frost sets hi. Native of Virginia, and several other parts 

 of North America. The root of this species will continue 

 four or five years, but unless care be taken to shelter it in 

 winter, it is sometimes destroyed by cold and too much wet ; 

 but frequently produces good seeds in England, especially 

 in favourable seasons. It is, however, here generally propa- 

 gated by offsets or slips procured from America. The best 

 time to separate the offsets is in the spring. The plants will 

 live abroad in the open air through the winter, in a dry soil 

 and warm situation ; but it will always be prudent to shelter 

 two or three plants under a common hot-bed frame, to pre- 

 serve the species, especially in very severe -winters. The 

 same directions apply to the two next species; but they 

 rarely produce seeds in England, nor do the plants put out 

 buds whereby they may be increased that way. 



5. Rudbeckia Fulgida; Bright Rudbeckia. Leaves ob- 

 long-lanceolate, toothletted, hispid, narrowed and subcordate 

 at the base; receptacle hemispherical; chaffs lanceolate. 

 Rays deep orange; disk dark purple. It flowers in July. 

 Native of North America. See the preceding species. 



6. Rudbeckia Purpurea; Purple Rudbeckia. Leaves lan- 

 ceolate-ovate, alternate, undivided; petals of the ray bifid. 

 This is easily distinguished from the other species by the 

 long, narrow, purple, pendulous florets of the ray. It is a 

 native of Carolina and Virginia. See the fourth species. 



7. Rudbeckia Angustifolia; Narrow Simple- leaved Rud- 

 beckia. Leaves opposite, linear, quite entire ; root peren- 

 nial. It flowers in August and September. Native of Vir- 

 ginia. This, like the first and second species, may be plen- 



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