SAL 



OR, BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. 



SAL 



515 



tures glandular. This, when suffered to grow without cul- 

 ture, becomes a large and lofty tree. It is of quick growth, 

 and, when lopped, soon decays. The trunk is straight, with 

 a gray rough bark, full of cracks; branches numerous, upright, 

 but diffused, gray, or brownish green, the upper ones often 

 dusky red ; leaves silvery and gray, with close-pressed silky 

 hairs, chiefly on the under side. The wood is white, light, 

 and tough. Hanbury says, it is agreeable to burn, because 

 it does not smoke, and gives a regular heat; though it is not 

 generally esteemed as firing. It is used to make poles, stakes, 

 hoops, &c. Cattle will feed on the leaves. In the summer 

 season the leaves have been observed to distil a clear liquor, 

 which Scopoli asserts to be owing to the liquefaction of the 

 spume of the insect Cicada Spumaria, vulgarly called Cuckoo 

 Spittle. The bark will tan leather, and dye yarn of a cinna- 

 mon colour : and the inner bark has often afforded a misera- 

 ble substitute for bread to the necessitous inhabitants of 

 Kamtschatka. Native of low wet commons, and about the 

 banks of rivers, in most parts of Europe, blossoming in May. 

 Mr. Stone, in the Philosophical Transactions, gives an account 

 of the great efficacy of the bark of this tree in curing inter- 

 mittent fevers. He gathered the bark in summer when full of 

 sap, dried it by a gentle heat, and gave a drachm of it pow- 

 dered every four hours between the fits. In a few obstinate 

 cases he mixed it with one fifth of Peruvian bark. It is re- 

 markable that intermittents are most prevalent in wet coun- 

 tries, and that this tree grows naturally in such situations. 

 While the Peruvian bark remained at its usual moderate price, 

 it was hardly worth while to seek for a substitute ; but since 

 the consumption of that article is become nearly equal to the 

 supply of it from South America, we must expect to find 

 it dearer and more adulterated every year, and consequently 

 the White Willow bark is likely to become an object worthy 

 the attention of the faculty ; and should its success, upon a 

 more enlarged scale of practice, prove equal to Mr. Stone's 

 experiments, the world will be much indebted to that gentle- 

 man for his communication. And as the bark of other species 

 has the same properties, it ought to be determined by expe- 

 rience which species should be preferred. 



46. Salix Tetrasperma; Four-seeded Willow. Leaves 

 broad -lanceolate, acuminate, serrulate, smooth above, whitish 

 below. This is the only species of Willow yet found in India. 

 It is a middle-sized tree, growing on the banks of rivulets, 

 and in moist places far among the mountains. It flowers in 

 the cold season. 

 The Indigenous North American species of Salix, arranged 



according to Frederick Pursh, Author of " Flora America; 



Septentrionalis." 



* Leaves very entire, or obsolete-serrate ; vernation revolute. 



1. Salix Candida. Leaves linear-lanceolate, very long, 

 obsolete-denticulate at the apex, pubescent on the upper 

 side, nivose-tomentose beneath, revolute at the margin ; sti- 

 pules lanceolate; aments prcecocious, cylindrical; squames 

 obovate-lanceolate. Grows in dry shady woods, from New 

 York to Pennsylvania. 



2. Salix Muhlenbergiana. Leaves lanceolate, somewhat 

 acute, almost entire, pubescent-hoary, rugose-venous under- 

 neath, revolute at the margin ; stipules deciduous, lanceo- 

 late ; aments prsecocious, diandrous; squames oblong, villose 

 at the margin ; germina ovate-lanceolate, sericeous-villoso, 

 pedicellate ; style short ; stigmata bifid ; tree from three to 

 five feet in height; branches greenish-yellow, with black 

 dots; the antherse are purple, changing to yellow when burst; 

 scales white with a red tip, which gives the catkins a very 

 pleasing appearance. Grows in shady dry woods, from New 

 York to Virginia. 



VOL. n. 109. 



3. Salix Tristis. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acute on both 

 sides, very entire, revolute at the margin, somewhat glabrous 

 on the upper side, rugose-venous underneath, totnentose ; 

 stipules none ; aments precocious, oblong. Grows in dry 

 sandy woods from New Jersey to Carolina. 



4. Salix Recurvata. Leaves obovate-lanceolate, acute, 

 very entire, glandulous at the margin, glabrous, glaucous 

 underneath; younger leaves sericeous ; stipules none; aments 

 precocious, recurved ; squames black at the tip ; hairs of 

 the length of the germen ; germina ovate, short-pedicellate, 

 sericeous; style very short; stigmata bifid ; branches brown, 

 smooth ; buds yellow. Grows in shady woods, in the moun- 

 tains of New Jersey and Pennsylvania. 



** Leaves very entire, or obsolete-serrate; vernation equitant. 

 t Stem creeping, depressed, or diffuse. 



5. Salix Repens. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, very entire, 

 acute, glabrous, subsericeous underneath ; stipules none ; 

 aments precocious, ovate, diandrous ; squames obovate, 

 obtuse, hairy, brown at the tip ; germina ovate-oblong, pedi- 

 cellate, pubescent; style very short; stigmata bilobed; cap- 

 sules glabrous. Grows in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland. 

 A very small creeping species, which with numerous vari- 

 eties is found in almost all the moist sandy heaths of Europe, 

 flowering in May, and ripening fruit in June and July. 



6. Salix Reticulata. Leaves elliptic-orbiculate, obtuse, 

 very entire, glabrous, reticulate-venous, glaucous under- 

 neath; stipules none; aments peduncled, diandrous; squames 

 obovate, obtuse, pubescent ; germina ovate, sessile, villose ; 

 stigmata subsessile, bipartite. Grows in Labrador, New- 

 foundland, and on the north-west coast. This is a very low 

 creeping species, with leaves very handsomely marked with 

 coloured veins. 



7. Salix Vestita. Leaves suborbiculate, very entire, gla- 

 brous on the upper surface, reticulate-venous ; aments linear, 

 sericeous; germina.ovate, sessile, viilose; style deeply bipar- 

 tite ; stigmata bifid. Grows in Labrador. 



8. Salix Uva Ursi. Leaves spathulate-obovate, obtuse, 

 glabrous; aments lax; squames oblong, ciliate ; germina 

 ovate, pedicellate, glabrous ; stigmata bilobed. Grows in 

 Labrador. 



9. Salix Cordifolia. Leaves oval, subacute, cordated at 

 the base, reticulate-venous ; stipules semicordated. Grows 

 in Labrador. 



10. Salix Obovata. Leaves obovate, obtuse, glabrous 

 above, sericeous-villous beneath ; aments subcoaetaneous, 

 sessile, oblong, diandrous; squames obovate, black at the 

 tip, hairy. Grows in Labrador, and on the North-west 

 coast. 



11. Salix Planifolia. Branchlets levigate; leaves oblong- 

 lanceolate, acute on both sides, very glabrous, patent, plane, 

 discoloured. This singular species distinguishes itself at 

 first sight by its remarkable plain and patent leaves : it is 

 inclined to rise from the ground on a single low stem, and 

 approaches to the following division. 



ft Stem erect. 



12. Salix Pedicellaris. Branchlets levigate; leaves obo- 

 vate-lanceolate, acute, glabrous; aments coeetaneous, pedun- 

 cled, very glabrous ; squames oblong, as short again as the 

 pedicel ; stigmata sessile, bifid. Grows on the Catskill 

 mountains, New York. 



13. Salix Lambertiana. Leaves subopposite, obovate- 

 lanceolate, acute, glabrous, subserrate at the tip, discolour- 

 ed ; sqnames orbiculate, black ; stigmata ovate, emarginate. 

 Grows on the banks of rivers, and in Willow-grounds, 

 introduced from Europe. 



14. Salix Rosmarinifblia. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, 

 6 P 



