518 



SAL 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



SAL 



20. Salsola Aphylla ; Leafless Saltwort. Arborescent, 

 jointed : leaves veiy short, ovate, pressed close, acute, soon 

 falling off. A very irregular shrub, five or six feet high, the 

 branches covered with the rudiments of the flowers. Native 

 of the Cape. 



21. Salsola Arborescens; Tree Saltwort. Frutescent: 

 leaves semicylindric, the lower conjugate. Native of Siberia. 



22. Salsola Fruticosa ; Shrubby Saltwort, Shrubby : 

 leaves fleshy, round, obtuse, imbricate. The leaves have an 

 herbaceous flavour, with a slight degree of salt, and some 

 acrimony. It forms an elegant evergreen shrub, with a 

 woody, erect, round, much branched stem, flowering in July 

 and August; not unworthy of a place in gardens. This plant 

 is found on the coasts of Norfolk, Suffolk, and Dorsetshire; 

 and of France, Spain, Barbary, and Persia. 



23. Salsola Indica; Indian Saltwort. Shrubby: leaves 

 linear, fleshy, half round; floral leaves oblong, obtuse. Na- 

 tive of the East Indies. 



24. Salsola Sedioides ; Sedum-like Saltwort. Suffruticose : 

 leaves round, filiform, ciliate ; flowers glomerate, axillary. 

 Native of Siberia. 



25. Salsola Muricata ; Hairy Saltioort. Shrubby, patu- 

 lous: branchlets hirsute ; calices spiny. Annual: flowering 

 in July and August. Native of Egypt and Barbary. 



26. Salsola Didyma; Twin-fruiied Saltwort. Stem herba- 

 ceous, decumbent; leaves oblong, unarmed; capsules two- 

 lobed, two-seeded. Native of Mozambique. 



27. Salsola Echinus; Thorny Saltwort. Shrubby, smooth : 

 leaves subulate, awnless ; spines divaricate, flowering. Native 

 of the highest parts of Mount Libanus. 



28. Salsola Camphorosmoides; Camphorosma-leaved Salt- 

 wort. Shrubby, smooth: leaves filiform, in axillary bundles. 

 Native of Barbary, in fallow fields. 



29. Salsola Brevifolia; Short-leaved Saltwort. Shrubby, 

 very much branched : leaves ovate, clustered, very short, 

 pubescent. Native of Sicily and Barbary. 



30. Salsola Mollis ; Soft-leaved Saltwort. Shrubby : 

 branches spreading ; leaves round, fleshy, glaucous, obtuse. 

 Native of Sicily and Barbary. 



31. Salsola Oppositifolia; Opposite-leaved Saltwort. Shrub- 

 by: leaves sublate, unarmed, opposite. This is a very hand- 

 some species, and quite distinct from all its congeners. Na- 

 tive of Tunis in Africa, and of Spain and Sicily. 



32. Salsola Caroliniana. Plant herbaceous, decumbent, 

 glabrous; leaves dilatate-subulate, spinescent; buds fruitful, 

 very turgid ; calices fructiferous, explanato-alated. Grows 

 in Carolina. 



33. Salsola Depressa. Plant herbaceous, very branchy,; 

 branchlets distich ; leaves succulent, linear, acute, glabrous ; 

 flowers axillary, sessile; stamina standing out. This plant 

 was discovered by Mr. Thomas Nuttall, on the volcanic 

 plains of the Missouri. 



34. Salsola Australis. Herbaceous, smooth, very much 

 branched : leaves awl-shaped, spinous, divaricated; bractes 

 longer than the calix, which is solitary Native of Port 

 Jackson, and the southern parts of New Holland. 



35. Salsola Macrophylla. Rather shrubby, erect, smooth, 

 glaucous; leaves awl -shaped, spinous, divaricated, triangular 

 at the base; bractes divaricated. Native of the tropical parts 

 of New Holland. 



Saltwort. See Olaux, Salicorma, and Salsola. 



Salvadora; a genus of the class Tetrandria, order Mono- 

 gynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth one-leafed, 

 four-cleft; segments obtuse. Corolla: one-petalled; tube 

 snort; border four-cleft; lobes oblong, revolute. Stamina: 

 filamenta four, the length of the calix, reflex; antherae round. 



Pistil: germen roundish ; style single, short, or none; stigma 

 simple, blunt, umbilicate. Pericarp : berry globular, one- 

 celled. Seed: single, spherical, covered with a callous aril. 

 ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix : four-cleft. Corolla: four- 

 cleft. Berry: one-seeded. Seed: covered with an aril. 



The species are, 



1. Salvadora Persica. Leaves oval or oblong; flowers 

 panicled. This is a middle-sized tree, native of most part of 

 the Circars, though by no means common : also of Tranque- 

 bar, and the Persian gulf. It seems to grow equally well in 

 every soil ; and flowers and bears fruit all the year round. 

 The berries have a strong aromatic smell, and taste much like 

 Garden Cresses. The bark of the root is remarkably acrid ; 

 bruised, and applied to the skin, it soon raises blisters, for 

 which purpose the natives often use it: as a stimulus, it pro- 

 mises to be a medicine possessed of considerable powers. 



2. Salvadora Capitulata. Leaves ovate, acuminate: heads 

 axillary. This is a middle-sized tree, very much branched. 

 Native of Cochin-china. 



3. Salvadora Biflora. Leaves lanceolate-ovate; flowers in 

 pairs. Ten feet high, with many twisted spreading branches. 

 Native of the woods of Cochin-china ; where this and the 

 second species are not easily distinguished except in flower. 



Salvia; a genus of the class Diandria, order Monogynia. 

 GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth one-leafed, tu- 

 bular, striated, gradually widening and compressed at the 

 top ; mouth erect, two-lipped ; lower lip two-toothed. Co- 

 rolla : one-petalled, unequal ; tube widening at the top, com- 

 pressed ; border ringent; upper lip concave, compressed, 

 curved inwards, emarginate ; lower lip wide, trifid ; middle 

 segment largest, roundish, emarginate. Stamina : filamenta 

 two, very short; two threads are fastened transversely to these 

 almost in the middle, on the lower extremity of which is a 

 gland, on the upper an anther. Pistil: germen four-cleft; style 

 filiform, very long, in the same situation with the stamina; 

 stigma bifid. Pericarp: none, the calix very slightly con- 

 verging, having the seeds in the bottom of it. Seeds: four, 

 roundish. Observe. The singular forking of the filamenta 

 constitutes the essential character. There are rudiments of 

 two stamina, but barren ones in the opening of the corolla ; 

 glands in most species callous, but in a few a sort of rudi- 

 ment of an anttier, with little or no pollen, occurs. ESSEN- 

 TIAL CHARACTER. Calix: somewhat bell-shaped, two- 

 lipped. Corolla: ringent. Filamenta : fastened transversely 

 to a pedicel. Seeds: four, naked. The species are, 



1 . Salvia .Kgyptiaca ; Egyptian Sage. Leaves lanceolate, 

 toothletted ; flowers pedunc.led. Plant a foot high, stiff and 

 brachiate. It flowers in June and July. Native of Egypt 



and the Canary Islands. Culture, Sfc. All the species 



of this genus may be propagated by seeds ; but as some of 

 them do not produce seeds in England, and most of the 

 sorts, but especially the common kinds for use, are easily 

 raised from slips, it is not worth while to raise them from seeds. 

 The slips of the hardy sorts should be planted in the begin- 

 ning; of April, on a shady border, where, if they are now and 

 then refreshed with water, if the season should prove dry, they 

 will soon take root. When these slips have made good roots, 

 they may be taken up with balls of earth, and transplanted 

 where they are to remain, which should always be upon a 

 dry soil, and where they may have the benefit of the sun; for 

 if they are planted on a moist soil, or in a shady situation, 

 they are very subject to be destroyed in winter; nor will 

 these plants endure the cold so well, when planted upon a 

 rich soil, as those in barren dry rocky ground : and this is 

 the case with most verticillate, plants, whjch will often grow 

 upon walls exposed to the cold of severe winters, when the 



