SAN 



OR, BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. 



SAN 



525 



7. Samyda Pubescens. Flowers twelve-stamined ; leaves 

 ovate, tomentose beneath. Native of South America. 



8. Samyda Serrulata. Flowers eighteen-starmned, solitary; 

 leaves ovate-oblong, serrulate. Native of the West Indies. 



9. Samyda Rosea. Flowers twelve-stamined, aggregate ; 

 leaves oblong, very obtuse, serrated, downy on both sides. 

 A shrub with drooping branches, which bear many axillary 

 flowers. It blooms copiously in the stove during the summer 

 months. Native of the West Indies. 



Sandal Wood. See Santalum, 

 Sanders, White and Yellow. See Santalum. 

 Sandoricum ; a genus of the class Decandria, order Mono- 

 gynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : perianth one-leafed, 

 tubular, five-toothed, short. Corolla: petals five, lanceolate, 

 spreading. Nectary : a cylindrical tube, the length of the 

 petals, with a ten-toothed mouth. Stamina: filamenta none; 

 antheree ten, oblong, within the mouth of the nectary. Pistil: 

 germen globular, superior ; style filiform, length of the nec- 

 tary; stigma thickish, grooved, ten-rayed; the rays recurved. 

 Pericarp: berry or drupe, roundish, depressed, five-lobed, 

 succulent, one-celled. Seeds: five, large, convex on one 

 side, angular on the other. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix: 

 five-toothed. Petals: five. Nectary: cylindrical, truncate, 

 bearing the antherse at its mouth. Dnype: filled with five 



seeds. The only species yet discovered is, 



1. Sandoricum Indicum. A large and lofty tree, whose 

 wood is red at the heart. Leaves alternate, on long petioles, 

 ternate ; flowers white, in compound axillary clusters ; fruit 

 the size of a small orange, its pulp acid, and containing five 

 large bitter seeds. Native of the Philippine and Molucca 

 islands. 



Sandwort. See Arenaria. 



Sanguinaria ; a genus of the class Polyandria, order Mono- 

 gynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth two-leaved, 

 ovate, concave, shorter than the corolla, deciduous. Co- 

 rolla : petals eight, oblong, blunt, spreading very much, alter- 

 nately interior, and narrower. Stamina: filamenta very many, 

 simple, shorter than the corolla ; antherte simple. Pistil: 

 germen oblong, compressed ; style none ; stigma thickish, 

 two-grooved, the height of the stamina, permanent. Peri- 

 carp : capsule oblong, ventricose, sharp at both ends, two- 

 valved. Seeds: very many, round, acuminate. ESSENTIAL 

 CHARACTER. Calix: two-leaved. Corolla: eight-petalled. 



Silique : ovate, one-celled. The species are, 



1. Sanguinaria Canadensis ; Canadian Bloodiuort, or Puc- 

 coon. Root perennial, tuberous, thick, fleshy. The radical 

 leaf very tenderly embraces and cherishes the infant flower, 

 in the same way as in Osmunda Lunaria. The root, leaves, 

 and flowers, have no smell. Though this cannot be consi- 

 dered as a showy plant, yet it has few equals in point of 

 delicacy and singularity : there is something to admire in it, 

 from the time that its leaves emerge from the ground, anjl 

 embosom the infant blossom, to their full expansion, and the 

 ripening of their seed-vessels. It has a fulvous milk like Ce- 

 landine, with which the Indians are said to paint themselves. 

 The woods of Canada, and other parts of North America, 

 produce this plant in abundance : in England it flowers in the 

 beginning of April, but its blossoms are fugacious, and fully 

 expand only in fine warm weather. It is a very proper plant 

 to mix with the Dog's-tooth Violet, Spring Cyclamen, Persian 

 Iris, Bulbocodium, Sisyrinchium, and some other low-growing 

 bulbous and tuberous rooted flowers, which require the same 

 culture, while the Puccoon will add to the variety while they 

 are in beauty. A soil, having a mixture of bog-earih or 

 rotten leaves in it, suits this plant best. It is hardy enough 

 dure the open air in England, but it should be phnted 



to em 



in a loose soil and a sheltered situation, not too much exposed 

 to the sun. It is propagated by the roots, which may be 

 taken up and parted every other year: the best time for doing 

 of this is in September. When the roots are strong, and 

 grow in a good soil, they will produce a great number of 

 flowers upon each ; the roots may be planted about four or 

 five inches asunder every way. The flowers appear in April, 

 and, when they decay, the green leaves come out, which will 

 continue till Midsummer. The roots remain inactive till the 

 following autumn ; so that unless they are marked, it will be 

 difficult to distinguish them after their leaves decay, for being 

 of a dirty brown colour on the outside, they are not easily 

 found in the earth. 



2. Sanguinaria Stenopetala. This plant is considered by 

 Pursh merely as a variety of the former. It has white flowers ; 

 the number of petals is variable. It is known by the name 

 of Bloodwort. Grows in dry woods, generally in fertile soils, 

 from Canada to Florida. It is distinguished from the first 

 species by its linear petals. 



Sanguisorba; a genus of the class Tetrandria, order Mo- 

 nogynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth two- 

 leaved ; leaflets opposite, very short, caducous. Corolla : one- 

 petalled, wheel-shaped ; tube subglobular ; border four-cleft, 

 flat; segments subovate. Stamina: filamenta four, almost 

 the length of the corolla; antherse simple. Pistil: germen 

 roundish, within the tube of the corolla ; style filiform, length 

 of the corolla, permanent; stigma simple. Pericarp: cap- 

 sule globular, one-celled, cut transversely. Seeds: very 

 many, roundish, very small. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Ca- 

 lix: two-leaved, inferior. Corolla: superior. Germen: be- 

 tween the calix and corolla. The species are, 



1. Sanguisorba Officinalis ; Great Burnet. Spikes ovate. 

 Stem upright, almost naked, branching towards the top, two 

 feet high ; leaves on long stalks, unequally pinnated ; flowers 

 of a dark dull purple colour, in dense heads or spikes. It 

 differs from the next species, in having ovate, not cylindrical, 

 spikes, and smooth calices, not ciliate at the edge. The 

 varieties called Itafian and Spanish Burnet, are considered 

 as distinct species by Mr. Miller. This plant is coarse,' and 

 not acceptable to cattle. Withering observes, that the whole 

 of this plant is of a binding nature ; the leaves are sometime* 

 put into wine, to give it an agreeable flavour ; and the young 

 shoots are a good ingredient in salads. The plant is in fact 

 a cordial and sudorific. The root dried and powdered stops 

 purgings, and a strong decoction of it, or of the leaves, some- 

 times answers the same purpose. Found in meadows in 

 various parts of Europe ; and not un frequently in moist rich 

 pastures in the north of Britain, flowering in June and July. 

 All the plants-of this genus are very hardy perennials ; they 

 will thrive in almost any soil and situation ; and may be pro- 

 pagated either by seeds or parting the roots : if by the former, 

 they should be sown in the autumn, for if sown in the spring 

 they seldom grow in the same year. When the plants come 

 up, they should be kept clean from weeds till they are strong 

 enough to transplant, when they may be planted in a shady 

 border, at about six inches' distance each way, observing to 

 water them till they have taken new root, after which they 

 will require no other care but to keep them clean from weeds 

 till autumn : they may then be transplanted to the place where 

 they are to remain, and in the following summer will produce 

 flowers and seeds, and their roots will last many years. If 

 the roots are parted, it should be done in autumn, that they 

 may get good hold of the ground before the dry weather 

 returns. 



2. Sanguisorba Media ; Short-spiked Burnet. Spises cy- 

 lindrical. This has much the appearance of the first species, 



