S A R 



OR, BOTANICAL DICTIONARY, 



SAT 



529 



Saraca; a genus of the class Diadelphia, order Hexandria. 

 GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : none. Corolla: one- 

 jjetalled, funnel-form ; border five-parted ; segments ovate, 

 spreading-, the upper one more remote; throat with an elevated 

 rim. Stamina: filamenta six, setaceous, declined, placed on 

 the throat, three on each side, connate at the base; antherse 

 furnished with a spur. Pistil: germen pedicelled, oblong, 

 compressed, length of the stamina; style a\vl-sliaped, declined, 

 length of the germen; stigma obtuse. Pericarp: legume. 

 ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix: none. Corolla: funnel- 

 form, four-cleft. Filament a: three on each side the throat. 

 Legume: pedicelled. The only known species is, 



1. Saraca Indica. Leaves alternate, abruptly pinnate; 

 leaflets three or four paired, oblong, petioied ; flowers in 

 panicles, composed of alternate racemes or spikes ; with 

 subimbricate ovate-lanceolate bractes, opposite, in pairs. 

 This plant is but little known. Native of Java. 



Sarothra; a genus of the class Pentandria, order Trigynia. 

 GEXKRIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth one-leafi-d, iK'e- 

 parted, erect, permanent; segments linear, acute. Corolla: 

 petals five, commonly lanceolate-linear, obtuse, patulous, a 

 little longer than the calix, deciduous. Stamina: filamenta 

 five, filiform, length of the corolla ; antherse roundish. 

 Pistil: germen ovate; styles three, filiform, length of the 

 germen ; stigmas simple. Pericarp : capsule oblong, acute, 

 one-celled, three-valved, coloured. Seeds: numerous, kid- 

 ney-form, very small, fastened to the sutures of the capsule. 

 ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix : five-parted. Corolla : 

 five-petallsd. Capsule : one-celled, three-valved, coloured. 

 The only known species is, 



1. Sarothra Gentianoides. Stem and branches subtricho- 

 tomous ; leaves very small, narrow, and awl-shaped ; flowers 

 axillary, solitary, sessile. This her!) is a good vulnerary. It 

 flowers in July. Native of Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Phi- 

 ladelphia, growing abundantly in the fields and under the 

 bushes in a dry sandy ground. 



Sarracenia; a genus of the class Polyandria, order Mono- 

 gynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth double: 

 lower three-leaved; leaflets ovate, very small, deciduous: 

 upper five-leaved ; leaflets subovate, very large, coloured, 

 d-eciduous. Corolla: petals five, ovate, bent in, covering the 

 stamina; claws ovate-oblong, straight. Stamina: filamenta 

 numerous, small; antherse simple, oblong. Pistil: germen 

 roundish; style cylindrical, very short; stigma peltate, dilated, 

 five-cornered, covering the stamina, permanent. Pericarp : 

 capsule roundish, five-celled. Seeds: numerous, roundish, 

 acuminate, small. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix: double, 

 outer three-leaved, inner five-leaved. Corolla: five-petalled. 

 Capsule : five-celled, with the Style having a shield-like 

 stigma. The species are, 



1. Sarracenia Flava; Yellow Side-saddle flower. Leaves 

 erect, tubular; valves with a coi... acted neck; top flat, erect. 

 The flowers grow on naked pedicels, rising from the root to 

 the height of three feet, and are of a green colour. It flowers 

 in June and July. Native of Carolina and Virginia, upon bogs 

 and in shallow standing waters. The plants of this genus are 

 esteemed for the singular structure of their leaves and flowers, 

 which have little resemblance of any yet discovered ; but 

 there is some difficulty in getting them to thrive in England, 

 when they are obtained from abro.id ; for as .they grow 

 naturally in bogs, or in shallow standing waters, unless con- 

 stantly kept wet they will not live, and though the winters 

 are very sharp in the country where the fourth species natu- 

 rally grows-, yet being covered with water, and tlic remains 

 of decayed plants, it is thereby defended from the frost. The 

 best method is, to procure the plants from the places of their 



natural growth, and to have them taken up with large balls 

 of eartli to their roots, and planted in tubs of earth. They 

 must be constantly watered during their passage, or they will 

 decay before they arrive. There is little probability of rais- 

 ing these plants from seeds, so as to produce flowers in many 

 years, even if the seeds should grow ; and on this account 

 young plants must be jmported, especially as they are more 

 likely to stand here than those which have flowered two or 

 three times. When they arrive, plant them in pretty large 

 pots, filled with soft spongy earth, mixed with rotten wood, 

 moss, and turf, in which they naturally grow. The pots 

 should be put into tubs or large pans which will hold water, 

 to afford them a constant supply of it; place them also in a 

 shady situation in the summer time, but during winter cover 

 them with moss, or shelter them under a frame, without which 

 they will be destroyed by frost. 



2. Sarracenia Minor ; Small Side-saddle Flower. Leaves 

 smaller, tubular, erect ; valve concave, nodding. Native of 

 Carolina, in bo;s. 



3. Sarracenia Rubra ; Red Side-saddle Flower. Leaves 

 erect, tubular; valve flat, erect. Flowers on long stalks, 

 purple ; leaves small, handsomely marked with purple veins. 



Native of Carolina, in bogs and marshes. 



4. Sarracenia Purpurea; Purple Side-saddle Flower. 

 Leaves cowled, bellying, patulous, bowed. The root strikes 

 deep into the soft earth ; and from the root arise five, six, or 

 seven leaves, in proportion to the strength of the plant, of a 

 tubular swelling form, coriaceous, veiny, furnished on the 

 upper side with an irregular longitudinal dilated appendage, 

 and terminating in a wavy, somewhat heart-shaped, spreading 

 border, catching the rain like a funnel. The hollow parts of 

 the leaves have always water standing in them, and the top 

 or ear is supposed in hot dry weather to shrink, and fall over 

 the mouth of the tube, and serve as a lid, to prevent its ex- 

 halation. In great droughts, birds and other animals repair 

 to these plants, and seldom fail of finding water. Found 

 from Canada to Carolina, in cedar swamps, and marshes 

 among bog-moss, flowering in June and July. 



Sarsaparilla. See Smilax. 



Sassafras. See Laurus Sassafras. 



Sati/reia; a genus of the class Didynamia, order Gymno- 

 spermia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth one- 

 lealed. tubular, striated, erect, permanent; mouth five-toothed, 

 almost equal, erect. Corolla: one-petalled, ringent; tube 

 cylindrical, shorter than the calix; throat simple; upper lip 

 erect, blunt, acutely emarginate; lower lip three- parted, 

 spreading, length of the upper lip; segments blunt, of equal 

 length, the middle one a little larger. Stamina: filamenta 

 four, setaceous, distant, scarcely the length of the upper lip, 

 the two lower a little shorter; antherse converging. Pistil : 

 germen four-cleft; style setaceous, length of the corolla; 

 stigmas two, tapering. Pericarp: none, the calix converg- 

 ing. Seeds: four, roundish. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. 

 Corolla: with segments nearly equal. Stamina: distant. 

 Calix: almost equally five-cleft. The species are, 



1. Satureia Juliana; Linear-leaved Savory. Whorls fasti- 

 giate ; leaves linear-lanceolate. The whole plant has a very 

 pleasant smell. It flowers from May to September, and is a 

 native of Italy. This, with the second, third, sixth, seventh, 

 and eighth species, are too tender to live through the winter 

 in the open air of our climate. They are generally propagated 

 by slips or cuttings, which take root very readily during any 

 of the summer months. If they are planted in a shady bor- 

 der, or screened from the sun by mats, they will be fit to be 

 transplanted in two months, when they should be taken up 

 carefully, and e-ach put into a small pot filled with fresh 



