SC A 



OR, BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. 



S C A 



535 



stem very much branched, procumbent. Native of the 

 Levant. 



53. Saxifraga Cuneata. Lower leaves petioled, wedge- 

 shaped, five-lobed; stem-leaves sessile, lanceolate; stem 

 ascending, panicled ; corolla white. Native of Spain, in the 

 niountains near Castelforte. 



54. Saxifraga Hypnoides ; Mossy Saxifrage, or Ladies' 

 Cushion. Leaves linear, entire, or trifid ; runners procum- 

 bent; stem almost naked; petals elliptic-oblong. This is 

 a native of Britain, Denmark. Switzerland, Austria, and 

 France. Tufts of it often clothe rocks, where the inequalities 

 are filled with black turfy earth, on the mountains of Wales, 

 Scotland, and the north of England ; as on Snowden, on 

 Ben Lomond, and on Arthur's seat near Edinburgh ; on the 

 mountains of Westmoreland, Yorkshire, and at Malham and 

 Settle; in Dove-dale and Middleton-dale in Derbyshire; and 

 on Cheddcr rocks, Somersetshire ; flowering in May, and 

 often again sparingly in July and August. This species pro- 

 pagates fast enough by its trailing branches, provided it be 

 planted in a moist soil and a shady situation; but it will not 

 thrive on dry ground, or where it is much exposed to the sun. 

 The best time to remove it, or any of the species, is in autumn, 

 that they may have the benefit of the winter's rain, to establish 

 them well before the dry weather of the spring comes on. 



55. Saxifraga Globulifera. Stem bulbiferous ; leaves 

 nerved, the lower ones spathulate, quite entire, the upper 

 ones palmate, three or five cleft, in the flowering branch 

 remote, linear. This is hardly distinct from the foregoing 

 species. Found upon the top of Mount Atlas. It flowers 

 very early in the spring. 



56. Saxifraga Spathulata. Leaves spatulate, obtuse, 

 ciliate, undivided; stem prostrate; pedicels axillary, one- 

 flowered. It flowers very early in the spring, and is found 

 on the summit of Mount Atlas near Belide. 



Saxifrage, Golden, See Chrysosplenium. 

 Scaliosa ; a genus of the class Tetrandria, order Monogy- 

 nia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : common perianth 

 many-flowered, spreading, many-leaved ; leaflets in various 

 rows surrounding the receptacle, and placed upon it, the inner 

 ones gradually less; proper perianth double, both superior; 

 outer shorter, membranaceous, plaited, permanent; inner 

 five-parted, with the segments subulate capillaceous. Corolla: 

 universal equal, though often composed of unequal florets; 

 partial one-petalled, tubular, four or five cleft, equal or un- 

 equal. Stamina : filamenta four, subulate-capillary, weak ; an- 

 theraj oblong, incumbent. Pistil: germen inferior, involved 

 in a proper sheath as in a calicle; style filiform, length of the 

 corolla; stigma obtuse, obliquely emarginate. Pericarp: 

 none. Seeds: solitary, ovate-oblong, involute, crowned vari- 

 ously with partial calices. Receptacle : common convex, 

 chaft'y, or naked. Observe. The exterior corollets are often 

 larger and more unequal. The crowns of the seeds vary in 

 different species. The primary distinction of the species is 

 to be taken from the division of the florets into four-cleft and 

 five-cleft. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix: common manv- 

 leaved; proper double, superior. Receptacle: chaffy, or naked. 



Seed: coated and crowned by the partial calix. The species 



e forty-three; none of them natives of America. 



* With four-cleft Corollets. 



1. Scabiosa Alpina ; Alpine Scabious. Corollets four- 

 eft, equal; calices imbricate; flowers drooping; leaves 

 pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, serrate. Root perennial, com- 

 osed of many strong fibres, which run deep in the ground ; 

 s several, strong, channelled, upwards of four feet high. 

 Native of the alps of Switzerland, Dauphiny, and Italy; 

 d is a hardy perennial in our gardens, flowering in June 



VOL. II. 110. 



and July. It is a coarse inelegant plant, and is fit only for 

 the borders of a shrubbery. It may be propagated either by 

 seeds or by parting the roots ; and should be planted in a 

 loamy soil. 



2. Scabiosa Ustulata. Corollets four-cleft, equal ; scales 

 of the calix acute ; leaves lyrate, toothed, Native of the 

 Cape. 



3. Scabiosa Rigida ; Rigid-leaved Scabious. Corollets 

 four-cleft, subradiant; calices imbricate, obtuse ; leaves lan- 

 ceolate, serrate, eared; stem suffruticose, rugged. Native 

 of the Cape. 



4. Scabiosa Attenuata; Narrow-leaved Scabious. Corollets 

 four-cleft, equal ; calices imbricate ; scales oblong, obtuse ; 

 leavs linear, smooth, entire, and pinnatifid at the base. It 

 flowers from July to September. Native of the Cape. 



5. Scabiosa Scabra; Rugged-leaved Scabious. Corollets 

 four-cleft, equal ; scales of the calix obtuse ; leaves bipinna- 

 tifid, rugged, rigid. Native of the Cape. 



6. Scabiosa Transylvanica ; Transylvanian Scabious. ~ ^ Co- 

 rollets four-cleft, unequal ; calices and chaffs awned ; root- 

 leaves lyrate ; stem-leaves pinnatifid ; flowers small, of a pale 

 purple colour. Annual ; and a native of Transylvania, Sow 

 the seeds in a shady moist border; keep the ground clean, 

 and allow the plants room to spread. 



7. Scabiosa Syriaca; Syrian Scabious. Corollets four- 

 cleft, equal; calices imbricate, and chaffs awned; stem dicho- 

 tomous; leaves lanceolate. Native of Syria. Annual. 



8. Scabiosa Leucantha ; Snowy Scabious. Corollets four- 

 cWt, almost equal ; calicine scales ovate, imbricate ; leaves 

 pinnatifid. Root perennial ; stem stiff, two feet high. Native 

 of the south of France, and Piedmont. 



9. Scabiosa Succisa ; Devil's-bit Scabious. Corollets four- 

 cleft, equal ; stem-leaves toothed ; flowers subglobular. 

 Root perennial, oblong, blackish, nearly the thickness of the 

 little finger, often growing obliquely, stumped at the lower 

 end, so as to appear as if bitten off; for in the days of super- 

 stition it was fabled that the devil, envying the good that this 

 herb might do to mankind, bit away part of the root. Stem 

 about a foot high, round, leafy, purplish, bearing three or 

 more flowers of a violet purple, often white, very rarely blue. 

 A strong decoction of the plant taken internally, and con- 

 tinued for a considerable length of time, was (and still con- 

 tinues) a favourite nostrum with many for venereal dis- 

 eases : the decoction of the leaves is good in coughs, and 

 other disorders of the lungs. The root dried and taken in 

 powder, causes sweat, and is a good medicine in fevers. 

 Linneus observes, that the dry leaves are used to dye wool 

 green. This plant varies much : according to Haller, the 

 flowers are sometimA proliferous, and the leaves are some- 

 times gashed: the Bowers also not only vary in colour, but 

 are also double. In England the plant is commonly hirsute, 

 but it is often described as smooth by foreign authors'. 

 Native of Europe, found principally in pastures, flowering 

 from August to the end of October. 



10. Scabiosa Integrifolia; Red-flowered Annual Scabious. 

 Corollets four-cleft, radiant; leaves undivided; root-leaves 

 ovate, serrate ; branch-leaves lanceolate. Stem herbaceous ; 

 root annual. It flowers from June to August. Native of 

 Germany, Switzerland, the south of France, &c. 



11. Scabiosa Amplexicaulis ; Blue-Jlowcred Annual Sca- 

 bious. Corollets four-cleft, radiant ; leaves embracing, lan- 

 ceolate, quite entire ; root-leaves trifid, crenate. Native 

 country unknown. 



12. Scabiosa Humilis : Humble Scabious. Corollets four- 

 cleft, unequal; scales of the calix obtuse; leaves linear, 

 tooth-pinnatifid. Native of the Cape. 



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