546 



SCI 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL: 



SCI 



and, Linneus observes, that the anatomy of the parts of fructi- 

 fication shews that all these varieties make but one species. 

 The Bishop of Drontheim observes, that it is very greedily 

 devoured by all sorts of cattle. Mr. Curtis suggests, that 

 swine being extremely fond of the roots of the Scirpus Palus- 

 tris, (see North American species,) which the Swedish pea- 

 sants collect, and fodder them with in the winter, and the 

 roots of this species being much larger, it would probably be 

 preferable to that for similar purposes. Dr. Withering relates, 

 that the roots, dried and ground to powder, have been used 

 for flour in times of scarcity. Villars observes, of the Scirpi 

 in general, that being mostly natives of bogs, marshes, and 

 watery places, they have a tendency to raise and dry such 

 spots. The roots and base of the stems rot, and become turf, 

 and are thus made useful for firing, and to fertilize grounds 

 that have been exhausted by long culture. Native of Europe, 

 Barbary, and Siberia, on sea-coasts, salt-marshes, and 

 estuaries, or on the banks of great rivers, exposed to the tide, 

 flowering through July and August. It has been noticed at 

 Sheerness, and at the Isle of Dogs ; near Yarmouth ; at 

 Shirley Wych, near Stafford ; between Stockton and Por- 

 terach ; and by the river Tees. 



47. Scirpus Pubescens. Culm three-sided, leafy, pubes- 

 cent at top ; spikelets few, directed one way, terminating, 

 ovate ; glumes mucronate. It is found on the banks of lakes, 

 near La Calle in Barbary, flowering in summer. 



48. Scirpus Grossus. Culm three-sided, naked ; umbel 

 superdecompound ; spikes pedicelled ; involucre three-leaved, 

 lanceolate, subulate, very long; spikelets ovate, ferruginous. 

 Native of the East Indies. 



49. Scirpus Luzulae. Culm three-sided, naked ; umbel 

 leafy, proliferous ; spikelets roundish. Native of the East 

 Indies ; flowering in August. 



50. Scirpus Sylvaticus; Wood Club Rush. Culm three- 

 sided, leafy; cyme leafy, terminating; peduncles naked, 

 superdecompound; spikes clustered. Native of Europe. 

 Siberia, and Canada, in wet woods and shady places. In 

 England, it has been observed in Essex, Warwickshire, and 

 Pembrokeshire; also close by the river Blackwater, below 

 Bocking; in Charlton wood ; in various parts of Norfolk and 

 Oxfordshire ; by the Thames side ; near Tamworth in War- 

 wickshire ; between Kettering and Thorp Malsor, in North- 

 amptonshire ; near Nottingham ; in a brook near Haverford- 

 west in Pembrokeshire, South Wales; and in Scotland, a 

 little east of Breakin bridge, over the South Esk, on the south 

 side. It flowers in July. 



51. Scirpus Corymbosus. Culm three-sided, leafy; corymbs 

 lateral, simple ; the terminating one proliferous ; spikes sub- 

 ulate. Native of India. 



52. Scirpus jEstivalis. Culms depressed, three-sided, 

 naked; umbels compound, involucred; flowers one-stamined. 

 Native of Ceylon. 



53. Scirpus Squarrosus. Culm three-sided, naked, seta- 

 ceous; spikes in threes, sessile, ovate, squarrose. Native 

 of the East Indies. 



54. Scirpus Dipsaceus. Culms setaceous, three-sided ; 

 umbel simple ; heads oblong, squarrose; floscnles subulate, 

 recurved, two-'stamined ; germen echinate. Native of the 

 East Indies. 



55. Scirpus Junciformis. Culm naked, filiform, subtrigo- 

 nal; spikelets of the panicle sessile and peduncled; involucre 

 two-leaved. Native of China. 



56. Scirpus Michelianus. Culm three-sided ; head globu- 

 lar ; involucre many-leaved, long. This is an annual species. 

 Native of Germany, France, about Montpellier, Italy, 

 Media, and Morocca, by the river Sebou. 



57. Scirpus Ciliaris. Culm three-sided, leafy; umbels 

 scattered ; scales of the calix with ciliate awns. Native of 

 the East Indies. 



* Culm three-sided ; Head terminating. 



58. Scirpus Hottentottus. Culm three-sided, leafy ; head 

 globular ; calicine scales lanceolate, rough-haired. Native 

 of the Cape. 



59. Scirpus Antarcticus. Culm three-sided, naked ; head 

 globular; involucre one-leafed. Native of Guinea. 



60. Scirpus Argenteus. Culms setaceous, three-sided; 

 involucre four-leaved, very long ; spikes cylindrical, very 

 many, glomerate into a head. Native of the East Indies. 



61. Scirpus Monandrus. Culm setaceous, three-sided; 

 involucre three-leaved, long; head sessile, glomerate; flos- 

 cules one-stamined. Native of the East Indies. 



62. Scirpus Cephalotes. Culm three-sided, naked; head 

 ovate, squarrose; involucre three-leaved, long. Native of 

 the East Indies. 



North American species of Scirpus, according to the Arrange 



ment given in Pursh's Florce America Septentrionalis. 



* Culm monostachyouSf 



1. Scirpus Acicularis. Spike ovate; culms tetragonal, 

 setaceous; sheaths beardless. In shallow ponds and pools 

 under water, common. 



2. Scirpus Pusillus. Spike oblong, acute, with few flowers; 

 squames linear, acute; culms angular, capillary. In springs 

 and ditches, frequent. This is the smallest of the genus. 



3. Scirpus Palustris. Spike oval ; squames lanceolate, 

 acute ; culms round ; sheaths beardless, lanceolate, acute ; 

 root creeping. In overflowed fields and ditches, frequent. 



4. Scirpus Tuberculosus. Spike ovate, acute ; squames 

 subrotund ; seeds crowned with an ovate tubercle ; culms 

 cylindrical. Grows in Lower Carolina. 



5. Scirpus Filiformis. Spike cylindrical, oblong, obtuse; 

 squames subrotund ; seeds naked at the vertex ; culms fili- 

 form, round. In wet fields, near ditches, from New Jersey 

 to Carolina. 



6. Scirpus Ovatus. Spike ovate ; squames oblong ; flowers 

 subdiandrous ; culms subcompressed ; sheaths beardless. -- 

 Near ponds and ditches, in Pennsylvania. 



7. Scirpus Capitatus. Spike subglobose ; culms silicate- 

 angular, setaceous; sheaths beardless. In small ponds, very 

 common. 



8. Scirpus Geniculatus. Spike ovate-oblong; squames 

 ovate-subrotund ; culms round. On the sea-shore of Virginia 

 and Carolina. 



9. Scirpus Quadrangularis. Spike cylindrical ; squames 

 oblong-subrotund; culms tetragonal. In Carolina. 



( * Culm polystachyous ; Spikes lateral. 



10. Scirpus Minimus. Spikes ovate, acute, subsolitary; 

 culms and leaves capillary, curved. In wet sandy fields, and 

 near ponds, from Virginia to Carolina. 



11. Scirpus Debilis. Spikes short-ovate, conglomerate- 

 sessile; squames subrotund, membranaceous ; culms striated. 

 In the wet meadows of Pennsylvania. 



12. Scirpus Mucronatus. Plant aphyllous; spikes oblong; 

 squames very entire, mucroitate-acuminate ; culm triquetrous. 

 In swamps and salt-marshes, from Canada to Carolina. 



*** Culm polystachyows ; Spikes terminal. 



13. Scirpus Validus. Plant aphyllous; spikes ovate- 

 oblong; squames villose on the back; styles bifid; umbel 

 decompound; involucre very short, with a round apex. In 

 lakes and ponds from Canada to Carolina. From four to ten 

 feet high. 



14. Scirpus Robnstus. Spikes oblong; corymb compound ; 

 involucres polyphyllous, very long; involucels ovate, aristated 



