548 



S CL 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



SCO 



4. Scleria Filiformis. Culm simple, filiform, even ; leaves 

 subulate; spike almost simple; floscules smooth, having a 

 filiform leaflet under them. Native of Jamaica and Hispa- 

 niola, in very dry rocky places. 



5. Scleria Hirtella. Culm simple, filiform, pubescent; 

 leaves linear ; spike simple ; floscules rough-haired. Hardly 

 a foot high. Native of Jamaica. 



6. Scleria Latifolia. Culm three-sided, leafy, erect, even; 

 leaves broad, lanceolate, nerved ; flowers panicled. Six feet 

 high. Native of Jamaica, especially in the western parts, in 

 dry mountain woods. 



7. Scleria Poseformis. Culm leafless; panicles contracted, 

 with flexuose branches ; spikelets sessile ; female spikes axil- 

 lary, males two-flowered. It has almost the appearance of a 

 Poa, as its name intimates. Native of the East Indies. 



8. Scleria Leevis. Culm leafy; leaves unarmed ; branches 

 of the panicle divided, involucred ; male spikes sessile, and 

 peduncled. Native of the East Indies. 



9. Scleria Ciliata. Culm erect, somewhat glabrous; leaves 

 ciliate, with the terminal fascicle ciliate; nuts globose, some- 

 what scabrous. Grows in the dry woods of Virginia, Caro- 

 lina, &c. 



10. Scleria Triglomerata. Culm erect, simple, triquetrous, 

 scabrous; leaves scabrous at the margin; fascicles with few 

 flowers, terminal ; glumes ovate, mucronate, scabrous ; nuts 

 globose, acute, wrinkled. In dry swamps and old fields, from 

 Pennsylvania to Carolina. 



Sclerocarpus ; a genus of the class Syngenesia, order Poly- 

 gamia-Frustranea. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : com- 

 mon of six leaflets, of which three are exterior, three interior 

 alternately; exterior biggish, of the same structure and appear- 

 ance with the leaves, spreading, two large, the third less ; 

 interior linear, channelled, acute, erect, with a spreading tip, 

 length of the floscules. Corolla: compound, radiate. Corol- 

 lets: hermaphrodite, ten in the disk; female three in the ray, 

 each within one of the interior calicine leaflets. Proper of 

 the hermaphrodites, tubular, five-cleft; of the female ligulate, 

 roundish. Stamina: in the hermaphrodites; filamenta five, 

 capillary ; antherse five, small, united, each awned at the tip. 

 Pistil: in the hermaphrodites; germen oblong, compressed, 

 outwardly gibbous; style filiform, length of the corollet ; 

 stigma deeply bifid, revolute; in the females, germen slender; 

 style none; stigma none. Pericarp: none, except the chaffs 

 involving the seeds. Seeds: in the hermaphrodites, solitary, 

 oblong, compressed, with the outer margin gibbous, the inner 

 straight; pappus none : the females have no seed. Recep- 

 tacle : convex, small. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix: six- 

 leaved, three exterior larger, like the leaves, three internally 

 smaller, like scales, alternate ; pappus none. Receptacle : 

 chaffy. The only known species is, 



1. Sclerocarpus Africanus. Leaves three-nerved; flowers 

 solitary, terminating; chaffs permanent, hardening, acuminate. 

 Native of the Cape of Good Hope. 



Scolopia; a genus of the class Icosandria, order Monogynia. 

 GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : perianth one-leafed, 

 three or four parted, permanent; segments ovate, obtuse, 

 concave, spreading. Corolla : petals three or four, oblong, 

 snbcoriaceous, obtuse, spreading, permanent, twice the length 

 of the calix. Stamina : filamenta numerous, filiform, Saltish 

 below, villose at the base, spreading, permanent, length of 

 the corolla, inserted into the calix; antherae linear. Pistil: 

 germen roundish, superior; style cylindrical, straight, longer 

 than the stamina; stigma thickened, three-lobed, impressed 

 above with three little pits. Pericarp : berry roundish, 

 crowned with the permanent style, one-celled. Seeds: six, 

 rounded, four-sided, arilled; the Arils membranaceous, thin, 



pulpy, angular, two fastened to the ribs, glued to the inner 

 wall of the berry. Observe. The ribs easily separate irom 

 the berry, and are resolved into six unequal threads, from, 

 the apex of which the arils hang down. ESSENTIAL CHA- 

 RACTER. Calix: inferior, three or four parted. Corolla : 

 three or four petalled. Berry : crowned with the style, one- 

 celied, six-seeded. Seeds: arilled. The only species is, 



1. Scolopia Pusilla. Berry elliptic-spheeroidal, crowned 

 with a short style, fleshy, coriaceous, divided within into 

 three incomplete cells by three prominences ; pulp separated 

 every way from the cell by a very thin membrane, and formed 

 into three soft oblong bags, in which the seeds are lodged. 

 There are generally two seeds in each bag, seldom three, 

 placed on each other, obliquely and irregularly truncate at 

 the point of contact, in other parts subovate, convex on one 

 side, angular on the other, black, and somewhat shining. 

 The Ceylonese call this plant Khatu-Kurundu, Thorny Cinna- 

 mon; hence it probably resembles the Cinnamon in leaves and 

 outward appearance, but differs from it in having thorns. 



Scolosanthus ; a genus of the class Tetrandria, order 

 Monogynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : perianth 

 one-leafed, superior, small, four-cleft ; segments linear, lan- 

 ceolate, four times shorter than the corolla, acute, spreading. 

 Corolla: one-petalled, with claws, tubular before it opens, 

 exactly four-cornered, the angles acute, a little curved in, 

 gradually widening upwards, when opened bluntly four- 

 cornered ; border four-cleft ; segments ovate, acute, revolute. 

 Stamina: filamenta four, erect, scarcely placed at the bottom 

 of the corolla, cohering a little at the base in a four-cornered 

 smooth tube, a little hairy below; antherae linear, erect, the 

 length of the tube. Pistil: germen inferior, roundish ; style 

 capillary, longer than the corolla; stigmas two, small, obtuse. 

 Pericarp: drupe subglobular, size of black pepper, smooth, 

 succulent, mucronate with the permanent calicine segments. 

 Seed : one, in an oblong, somewhat stony, one-celled shell. 

 ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix : four-cleft. Corolla : tubu- 

 lar, with are volute border. Drupe: one-seeded. The only 



species is, 



1. Scolosanthus Versicolor. A branched shrub, two feet 

 liigh. Leaves subsessile, opposite, from two to five on each 

 side, seldom more, solitary, scarcely half an inch long, others 

 a little smaller, obovate, quite entire, subcoriaceous, veinless, 

 shining; frurt snow-white. The young thorns generally bear 

 tlowers, which are purple, and abortive ; after their fall, the 

 thorns grow to their full size : the axillary flowers are of a 

 saffron colour, perfect, and ripen their fruit. Found in the 

 island of Santa Cruz. 



Scolymus; a genus of the class Syngenesia, order Poly- 

 gamia-jEqualis. Calix : common imbricate, ovate ; scales 

 numerous, lanceolate, spiny, loose. Corolla : compound 

 imbricate, uniform ; corollets hermaphrodite, numerous, equal ; 

 proper one-petalled, ligulate, linear, truncate, very finely 

 five-toothed. Stamina : filamenta five, capillary, very short ; 

 antherfe cylindrical, tubular. Pistil: germen oblong; style 

 filiform, longer than the stamina; stigmas two, reflexed. 

 Pericarp: none; calix unchanged. Seeds: solitary, some- 

 what oblong, triangular, acuminate at the base; pappus none. 

 Receptacle: chaffy, convex; chaffs roundish, flat, tliree-tooth- 

 ed at the tip, longer than the seeds, and separating them. 

 ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix: imbricate, spiny. Pap- 

 pus: none. Receptacle: chaffy. The species are, 



1. Scolymus Maculatus ; Annual Golden Thistle. Flowers 

 sol itary ; leaves cartilaginous at the edge ; involucres pecti- 

 nate-multifid. S<alk branching, four or five feet high. 

 Flowers from the forks of the crowded upper branches, soli- 

 tary, an inch and a half broad, beset with copious spinou* 



