552 



SCR 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



SOU 



in having the stems and leaves smooth, with the flowers 

 smaller and red. Annual, flowering in May and June. It 

 was found in the islands of Madeira and Teneriffe. 



15. Scrophularia Trifoliata; Three-leaved Figwort. Leaves 

 smooth ; lower ternate, pinnate, obtuse ; upper simple ; pedun- 

 cles subtriflorous, axillary. Stem about a foot high, scarcely 

 branched, leafy, nearly smooth, thick, with four blunt angles; 

 leaves opposite, stalked, fleshy, about two inches long; flow- 

 ers two or three on each stalk ; corolla half an inch long, 

 pale yellow, with an orange or rose-coloured border.- Native 

 of Corsica and Africa, on the borders of fields, and on the 

 sea-coast. This and the next species are ornamental plants, 

 and may be allowed a place in the pleasure-garden, where, 

 when they are strong, they will make a good appearance 

 during their continuance in flower, which is generally two 

 months, unless the season prove very hot and dry. Their 

 roots will remain many years, unless destroyed by very severe 

 winters, so that it will be proper to put some of the plants in 

 pots, sheltered under a common frame in winter; but as 

 young plants flower stronger than the old ones, there should 

 be a succession of them annually propagated by seeds. 



16. Scrophularia Sambucifolia; Elder-leaved Figwort. 

 Leaves interruptedly pinnate, cordate, unequal; raceme ter- 

 minating ; peduncles axillary, in pairs, dichotomous. Stem 

 erect, four-cornered, from the decurrent petioles ; flowers 

 large, drooping; calix smooth, or slightly downy; oorolla 

 of a pale purplish tawny hue, with a greenish border ; cap- 

 sule the size of a small filbert, with a conical point. Peren- 

 nial. It flowers from July to September. Native of Portugal 

 and Spain. 



17. Scrophularia Canina ; Cat-leaved Figwort. Leaves 

 pinnatifid ; racemes terminating, naked ; peduncles bifid. 

 Root annual; stem four-cornered. Native of Switzerland, 

 France, Italy, &c. This, and the nineteenth species, should 

 be planted in a dry soil ; for as they naturally grow upon rocks 

 and old walls, if they are in good ground the plants will grow 

 vigorous in summer, and thereby will be so replete with 

 moisture as to be killed by ordinary frosts, or rotted by wet 

 in winter; whereas in a poor soil they are seldom injured by 

 the cold in England. 



18. Scrophularia Mellifera; Barbary Figwort. Smooth: 

 lower leaves pinnate; leaflets ovate, tooth-serrate; flowers 

 axillary ; bottom of the corolla nectariferous. Stem herba- 

 ceous, erect, from two to three feet in height, simple, four- 

 cornered, with four decurrent lines, smooth, as is the whole 

 plant. It flowers in July and August. Perennial. Native 

 of Barbary. 



19. Scrophularia Lucida; Shining-leaved Figwort. Lower 

 leaves bipinnatc, somewhat fleshy, very smooth; racemes two- 

 parted ; stem round, straight, green. Native of the Levant 

 and Barbary. See the seventeenth species. 



20. Scrophularia Coccinea; Scarlet-flowered Figwort. 

 Leaves in fours, ovate; flowers whorled, spiked. Root bien- 

 nial ; stalks two feet high. The flowers are produced at the 

 tip of the stalk, in roundish bunches, which are about the 

 same size as those of the second species, but of a fine scarlet 

 colour. Found at La Vera Cruz in New Spain. This plant 

 will not survive in the open air of our winters ; but the seeds 

 should be sown in pots in autumn, which may be sheltered 

 under a common frame in winter, and in the spring plunged 

 into a moderate hot-bed. When they are fit to remove, as 

 many .as are required should be planted into separate small 

 pots, and plunged into a very moderate hot-bed, shading 

 them from the sun till they have taken new root ; after which 

 they must be gradually hardened to bear the open air, where- 

 into they may be removed at the end of June, placing them 



in a sheltered situation, where they may remain till the end 

 of September, to be then removed into shelter before the 

 coming on of the morning frosts. In the winter, place them 

 in a stove kept moderately warm, where they will thrive and 

 produce flowers during the following summer. 



21. Scrophularia Peregrina; Nettle-leaved Figwort. Leaves 

 cordate, marked with lines, shining; peduncles axillary, two- 

 flowered. Stem hexangular, two or three feet high. The 

 flowers are of a dark red or purple colour; they appear in 

 May and June, and the seeds ripen in July and August, 

 after which the plants die. Root annual. Native of Italy. 



22. Scrophularia Hispida. Stem four-cornered, erect, 

 hispid; leaves pinnate, doubly crenate, terminating; lobe 

 cordate, very large ; raceme compound, leafless. Native of 

 the clefts of the rocks on Mount Atlas. 



23. Scrophularia Lanceolata. Leaves lanceolate, unequally 

 serrate, acuminate, acute at the base ; petioles naked ; fas- 

 cicles of the panicle corymbose ; flowers greenish yellow. 

 Grows in the wet meadows and woods of Pennsylvania. 



Scurvy Grass. See Cochlearia and Soldanel. 



Scutellaria ; a genus of the class Didynamia, order Gym- 

 nospermia.- GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth one- 

 leafed, very short, tubular; mouth almost entire, after flow- 

 ering closed with a lid. Corolla: one-petalled, ringent; tube 

 very short, bent backwards; throat long, compressed; upper 

 lip concave, trifid, the middle little segment concave, emar- 

 ginate, the side ones flat, sharpish, lying under the middle 

 one ; lower lip wider, emarginate. Stamina : filamenta four, 

 concealed beneath the upper lip, of which two are longer; 

 antherte small. Pistil: germen four-parted; style filiform, 

 situation and length of the stamina; stigma simple, curved 

 in, acuminate. Pericarp : none ; calix closed by a lid, helmet- 

 shaped, doing the office of a capsule, three-sided, opening 

 by the lower margin. Seeds: four, roundish. Observe. It 

 is clearly distinguished from all others by the fruit alone; for 

 the closed calix resembles a helmet both in the lid and crest. 

 ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix: with an entire mouth; 

 after flowering closed by a lid. These plants are all propa- 

 gated by seeds : if sown in autumn soon after they are ripe, 

 they will more certainly succeed than when they are sown in 

 the spring. The seeds may either be sown where the plants 

 are to remain, or in a border, to be afterwards removed. 

 But as the first species does not bear transplanting well, 

 unless removed when young, the seeds had better be sown 

 where the plants are to stand. This should be on a dry 

 warm border of poor earth, where they will live much longer, 

 and make a better appearance, than on a rich soil, though 

 they seldom continue more than two or three years. When 

 the plants come up, they will require no other care but to 

 thin them, and keep them clean from weeds. When the 

 other sorts come up, and are fit to remove, they may be 

 transplanted into a nursery-bed, at five or six inches' distance, 

 where they may stand till autumn, keeping them clean from 

 weeds; then transplant them into the borders of the flower- 

 garden, where they are to remain. The species are, 



1. Scutellaria Orientalis; Yellow-flowered Scull Cap. Leaves 

 gashed, tomentose beneath ; spikes rounded, four-cornered. 

 Stems shrubby, nearly a foot high, spreading on the ground, 

 and dividing into small branches ; leaves stalked, green 

 above, white underneath ; spikes rather short, composed of 

 bright yellow very handsome flowers, with] ovate brownish 

 bractes. The whole herb is bitter. It flowers at the end of 

 May, and there is commonly a succession of flowers for two 

 months and upwards. Native of the Levant and Barbary. 



2. Scutellaria Albida; Hairy Scull Cap. Leaves subcor- 

 date, serrate, wrinkled, opaque; spikes directed one way; 



