062 



SEN 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



SEN 



naked, acute; stalks mostly two-flowered. Stem one to two 

 'feet high, striated upwards; flowers large and handsome, in 

 bunches at the top of the stalks, yellow. It flowers from 

 July to October Native of the mountains of Stiria and Carin- 

 thia, Switzerland, the south of France, and Piedmont. Sow 

 the seeds upon a bed of loamy earth, exposed to the morning 

 sun only. When the plants are fit to remove, transplant them 

 to a shady border, where they may remain till autumn, observ- 

 ing to keep them clear from weeds all the summer: then trans- 

 plant them to the places where they are to remain. In the 

 second summer they will flower and produce seeds. 



38. Senecio Canadensis ; Canadian Groundsel. Corollas 

 radiant; all the leaves bipinnate-linear; peduncles corymbed. 

 Native of Canada. 



39. Senecio Diffusus ; Spreading Groundsel. Corollas 

 radiant; leaves bipinnate, linear; stems diffused. Native of 

 the Cape. 



40. Senecio Delphinifolius ; Larkspur-leaved Groundsel. 

 Corollas radiant, spreading ; leaves pinnate, multifid ; leaflets 

 linear, revolute, villose beneath; stem somewhat woolly. 

 Perennial. Native of Algiers. 



41. Senecio Auriculatus; Earletted Groundsel. Corollas 

 radiant, with the corollets in the ray scarcely visible; leaves 

 pinnatifid, embracing; pinnules obtuse, toothed, somewhat 

 remote. Annual. Native of the deserts of Barbary. 



42. Senecio Giganteus; Giant Groundsel. Corollas radi- 

 ant, revolute; flowers in corymbs revolute; peduncles elon- 

 gated, one-flowered; leaves half round, somewhat fleshy, 

 embracing ; pinnules linear-subulate, unequal ; stem erect, 

 smooth. Native of Africa, near Belide in Algiers. 



43. Senecio Coronopifolius; Buckthorn or Plantain-leaved 

 Groundsel. Corollas radiant, revolute; peduncles elongated, 

 one-flowered; leaves half round, somewhat fleshy, embracing; 

 pinnules linear-subulate, unequal. Native of Barbary, in the 

 wet sands of the desert. 



44. Senecio Jacobaea ; Rat/wort Groundsel, or Common 

 Ragwort, or Ragweed. Corollas radiant, spreading; leaves 

 lyrate-bipinnatifid, divaricate-toothed, smooth ; stem erect. 

 Root perennial, fibrous, creeping, truncated; flowers corym- 

 bose, terminal, very numerous, of a bright golden yellow. 

 This plant is very common on the sand hills of Holland, with- 

 out any ray to t-he corolla; and this has also been observed 

 on the sea-shore near Drogheda in Ireland : perhaps this is 

 caused by the sea air, which is well known to be destructive 

 to the more tender parts of vegetables. In Marazion marsh, 

 Cornwall, it has been observed with rayless flowers, and the 

 whole plant hoary with a dense cottony substance. If this 

 plant be gathered before the flowers open, and used while 

 fresh, it will dye wool of a full green, but the colour is apt 

 to fade. Woollen cloth boiled in alum -water, and then in a 

 decoction of the flowers, takes a beautiful yellow. A poul- 

 tice made of the fresh leaves, has a surprising effect hi re- 

 moving pains of the joints, and is said to remove the sciatica, 

 or hip-gout, in two or three applications, when ever so violent. 

 The root is of a healing, astringent nature; a decoction of it 

 is good for inward wounds and bruises; but it is not so much 

 used as it deserves to be. It is said that horses and cows will 

 eat it when young; but much of it escaping their bite, it 

 flowers and seeds, and fills the pastures with a large rank 

 weed. It may, however, be gradually destroyed by constant 

 mowing, and most effectually by hand, after rain. Feeding 

 the land with sheep is said to be an infallible cure for it: and 

 it is asserted, that they eat it with so much greediness as very 

 soon to destroy it; but this can only be where it is very young. 

 It is sometimes called St. James s-wort, Cankerivort, Seggrum, 

 or Seagnm; and in the neighbournood of Liverpool, is known 



by the name of Fleanart. Abundant in waste ground, flower- 

 ing in the height of summer, when it forms a contrast with 

 the surrounding scorched and withered herbage. 



45. Senecio Aquaticus ; Marsh Groundsel, or Ragwort. 

 Corollas radiant, spreading; florets elliptic; leaves lyrate, 

 serrate, the lower ones obovate, entire ; seeds smooth ; root 

 perennial. Very common in marshes, ditches, wet meadows, 

 and watery places ; flowering in July and August. 



46. Senecio Aureus ; Golden Groundsel. Corollas radi- 

 ant; leaves crenate, the lower cordate, petioled, the upper 

 pinnatifid, lyrate ; root perennial. It flowers in May and 

 June. Native of Virginia and Canada. Plant the offsets in 

 autumn, in an eastern border of loamy earth, allowing each 

 plant two feet room to spread. 



47. Senecio Lyratus ; Lyrate-leaved Groundsel. Corollas 

 radiant ; lower leaves lyrate, toothed, upper serrate, embrac- 

 ing; lobes muricate at the edge. This is one of the tallest 

 species. Native of the Cape. 



48. Senecio Aureus ; Eared Groundsel. Corollas radiant; 

 leaves lanceolate, lyrate, pinnate, toothed, naked ; petioles 

 eared ; stem erect. Native place uncertain. 



49. Senecio Alpinus; Alpine Groundsel. Corollas radi- 

 ant ; leaves cordate-lyrate, grossly serrate ; petioles eared ; 

 stem herbaceous. Native of Germany. 



50. Senecio Umbellatus ; Umbelled Groundsel. Corollas 

 radiant, linear; leaves pinnate-toothletted ; segments distant. 

 Native of the Cape. 



**** Flowers radiate; Ray spreading; Leaves undivided. 



51. Senecio Lanceus: Spear-leaved Groundsel. Corollas 

 radiant; leaves lanceolate, cordate at the base, embracing, 

 even, finely serrate ; stem frutescent. It flowers from July 

 to October. Native of the Cape. 



52. Senecio Linifolius ; Flax-leaved Groundsel. Corollas 

 radiant; leaves linear, quite entire; corymb somewhat 'scaly ; 

 stem herbaceous. The peduncles have small acute scales 

 scattered over them. Native of Spain, Italy, and Russia. 



53. Senecio Rosmarinifolius ; Rosemary-leaved Groundsel. 

 Corollas radiant; leaves linear, revolute at the edge; stem 

 shrubby. Native of the Cape. 



54. Senecio Paludosus; Marsh Groundsel, or Bird's 

 Tongue. Corollas radiant, spreading ; flowers corymbed ; 

 leaves ensiform, acutely serrate, subvillose beneath ; stem 

 strict; root consisting of many long simple fibres, perennial, 

 somewhat creeping; flowers yellow. Native of fens and 

 marshes, in all parts of Europe generally. This and the 

 three following species are easily propagated by seeds, or by 

 parting 1 their roots: the latter mode is generally practised 

 when the plants are once obtained, that being the most ex- 

 peditious method, especially for the fifty-sixth species, the 

 roots of which spread, and increase too fast, where they are 

 not confined. The time for dividing and transplanting these 

 roots is in autumn, when the stalks decay. They are too 

 large plants for small gardens, but in those which are exten- 

 sive, will adorn large borders, on the sides of woods and plan- 

 tations, where they can be allowed room, and, if intermixed 

 with other tall-growing plants, will add to the variety. 



55. Senecio Nemorensis ; Branching Groundsel. Corolla* 

 radiant, eight-fold ; leaves lanceolate, hiserrate, villose under- 

 neath ; stem branched ; root perennial, fibrous, not creeping. 

 It flowers in July. Native of Germany, Austria, Switzerland, 

 Piedmont, and Siberia. See the preceding species. 



56. Senecio Saracenicus ; Broad-leaved Groundsel. Co- 

 rollas radiant, spreading; flowers corymbed; leaves lanceo- 

 late, serrate, smoothish. Root perennial, creeping; stem erect. 

 Native of many parts of Europe. Found in various parts 

 of Great Britain, as between Wells and Glastonbury ; near 



