SER 



OR, BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. 



SER 



565 



slender stalks. It flowers in July and August. Native of 

 the isle of Candia, and of Barbary, in the clefts of rocks. 



2. Seriola jEthnensis ; Rouyh Seriola. Hispid : leaves 

 obovate, somewhat toothed. Root annual; stems branched, 

 erect, hairy; flowers yellow. Native of Italy, and of Bar- 

 bary, near Mascar. 



3. Seriola Cretensis ; Cretan Seriola. Rough-haired, with 

 runcinate leaves. Native of the island of Candia or Crete. 



4. Seriola Urens ; Stinying Seriola. Stinging; : leaves 

 toothed ; stem branched. Native of Sicily and other parts 

 of the south of Europe. 



Seriphium; a genus of the class Syngenesia, order Poly- 

 gamia Segregata. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : peri- 

 anth double ; outer of five roundish, imbricate, tomentose 

 leaflets; inner of five, erect, acuminate, awl-shaped, very 

 smooth, scariose leaflets, twice as long as the others, one- 

 flowered. Corolla : one-petalled, funnel-form, shorter than 

 the inner calix; border five-toothed. Stamina: filamentafive, 

 capillary; anthera cylindrical. Pistil: germen inferior to the 

 corollet, superior to the calix ; style filiform ; stigma subbifid. 

 Pericarp: none; the calix unchanged, closed. Seed: solitary, 

 oblong. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix: double, imbricate. 

 Corolla : one-petalled, regular. Seed : one, oblong, below 

 the corolla. The species are, 



1. Seriphium Cinereum; Heath- leaved Seriphium. Flowers 

 whorl-spiked, one-flowered ; leaves spreading. Stem upright, 

 branched ; spikes fox-tail-like, pale red, interrupted. It 

 flowers from July to September. Native of the Cape. 



2. Seriphium Plumosum ; Feathered Seriphium. Flowers 

 in spikes, six-flowered ; leaves granulate, ovate. Native of 

 the Cape. 



3. Seriphium Fuscum ; Broiun Seriphium. Flowers capi- 

 tate, one-flowered; leaves linear, awnless, downy; stems dis- 

 torted, branched, flexuose. Native of the Cape. 



4. Seriphium Ambiguum; Doubtful Seriphium. Flowers 

 in spikes, three-flowered ; leaves linear. Stem shrubby, pro- 

 cumbent, branched. Native of the Cape. 



Serpicula; a genus of the class Moncecia, order Tetrandria. 

 GENERIC CHARACTER. Male. Calix: perianth minute, 

 four-toothed, erect, acute, permanent. Corolla: petals four, 

 oblong, acute, sessile. Stamina: filamenta four, very short; 

 antheree oblong, about equal to the petals. Female, on the 

 same plant. Calix : perianth superior, minute, in four deep 

 permanent segments. Corolla: petals three, or none. Pistil: 

 germen inferior, ovate, furrowed; style short; stigmas obtuse. 

 Pericarp: nut cylindrical, furrowed, of one cell, deciduous. 

 .Seed: one, or more, oblong. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Male. 

 Calix: four-toothed. Petals: four. Female. Calix: in four 

 deep segments. Nut: tomentose. The species are, 



1. Serpicula Verticillata. Leaves in whorls, aculeate-serrate. 

 Native of India, in standing clear water. 



2. Serpicula Repens. Leaves alternate, linear: stem creep- 

 ing, branched, leafy. The herb has the appearance of Vero- 

 nica Serpyllifolia, but smaller. Native of the Cape. 



3. Serpicula Occidentals. Flowers triandrous, herma- 

 phrodite, very small and delicate, white ; stigmata ligulate, 

 reflex, bifid; leaves ternate, linear, acute. This plant is 

 called, by Michaux, Elodea Canadensis. Its leaves, when 

 viewed through a microscope, appear very finely serrulate. 

 It grows in stagnant waters from Canada to Virginia. 



Serratula; a genus of the class Syngenesia, order Poly- 

 gamia yKqiialis. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: common 

 oblong, subcylindrical, imbricate, with lanceolate, acute, or 

 obtuse awnless scales. Corolla: compound, tubulous, uniform; 

 corollets hermaphrodite, equal ; proper one-petalled, funnel- 

 form; tube bent in; border ventricose, five-cleft. Stamina : 







filamenta five, capillary, very short; antherse cylindrical, 

 tubulous. Pistil : germen obovate ; style filiform, length of 

 the stamina ; stigmas two, oblong, reflex. Pericarp : none ; 

 calix unchanged. Seed?: solitary, obovate ; pappus sessile, 

 feathered. Receptacle: chaffy, flat. Observe. The pappus 

 in some is plumose, in others only subplumose. Cardmts is 

 distinguished from this species by its hairy receptacle, ven- 

 tricose calix, prickly scales, stigma less bifid, and feathered 

 pappus. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix : subcylindrical, 

 imbricate, awnless. Receptacle : chaffy or hairy. Seed-down : 

 feathery or toothed. The species are, 



1 . Serratula Tinctoria ; Common Sawwort. Leaves serrate, 

 subciliate, lyrate-pinnatifid ; terminating lobe very large ; 

 florets uniform ; pappus somewhat rugged. Root perennial, 

 somewhat woody ; stem erect, stiff, and straight. Linneus 

 called this species Tinctoria, because the Swedes use it as a 

 yellowish dye for coarse woollen cloths. Native of Europe, in 

 woods, thickets, hedges, and bushy pastures, flowering in July 

 and August. The Sawworts are hardy perennials, and will 

 thrive in the open air. This species is seldom admitted into 

 gardens as the others are, to be preserved by the curious. 



2. Serratula Coronata ; Siberian Sawwort. Leaves lyrate, 

 pinnatifid; terminating pinna very large ; florets of the ray 

 female, longer. It flowers in July and August. Native of 

 Italy, Silesia, and Siberia. 



3. Serratula Japonica; Japanese Saunuort. Leaves lyrate, 

 pinnatifid, rugged ; calix-scales dilated at the point, and 

 membranaeeous. Native of Japan. 



4. Serratula Alpina ; Alpine Sawwort. Calices somewhat 

 hairy, ovate ; leaves undivided, woolly beneath ; pappus fea- 

 thered. Roots slender, though tough and woody, perennial, 

 black on the outside ; stems simple, upright, leafy, round, 

 striated, cottony, various in height, crowned with a level- 

 topped tuft of elegant flowers, the florets pink, with blue or 

 violet anthers. Native of the high mountains of Lapland, 

 Norway, Austria, Switzerland, Silesia, Siberia, Wales, and 

 Scotland, flowering in July and August. 



5. Serratula Salicifola; Willow-leaved Sawworl. Leaves 

 linear-lanceolate, alternate, hoary beneath, sessile, quite 

 entire ; stem angular. Native of Siberia. 



6. Serratula Multiflora; Many-flowered Sawwort. Leaves 

 lanceolate, villose underneath, subdecurrent, quite entire ; 

 calices cylindrical. Stem angular, corymbed, with the 

 branches again corymbed ; flowers more or less numerous, 

 rose-coloured.- Found in Siberia, Silesia, and China. 



7. Serratula ~No\ebora.cens\s; Long-leaved Sawwort. Leaves 

 lanceolate, oblong, serrate, pendulous; root perennial; stalks 

 several. Native of North America. 



8. Serratula Praealta ; Tall Sawwort. Leaves lanceolate- 

 oblong, serrate, spreading, hirsute beneath ; root large, per- 

 ennial, fibrous ; stem branching, from four to seven or eight 

 feet high ; flowers pale purple. Native of North America. 



9. Serratula Glauca; Glaucous-leaved Sawwort. Leaves 

 ovate-oblong, acuminate, serrate ; flowers corymbed ; calices 

 roundish; root perennial. It flowers in October. Native of 

 Maryland, Virginia, and Carolina. See the next species. 



10. Serratula Squarrosa; Rough-headed Sawwort. Leaves 

 linear; calices squarrose, subsessile, acuminate, lateral; 

 root tuberous, from which comes out a single stalk rising 

 nearly three feet high. Native of Virginia, and most of the 

 provinces of North America. It flowers in July and August. 

 This, the ninth, eleventh, and fourteenth species, have large 

 knobbed roots, and are propagated only by seeds, which 

 seldom ripen in England, so that they must be procured from 

 abroad. Sow them on a border with an eastern aspect, 

 where the sun comes only in a morning, for they seldom 



