568 



SHE 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



SIB 



root of this species is one of the grateful vegetables of the 

 Indians : they use it baked or roasted. 



Sesuvium ; a genus of the class Icosandria, order Trigynia. 

 GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth one-leafed, bell- 

 shaped, five-parted ; segments ovate, acute, coloured within, 

 shrivelling. Corolla: none. Stamina: filamenta very many, 

 awl-shaped, inserted into the calix below the segments, and 

 shorter than the calix; antherse roundish. Pistil: germen 

 oblong, in the bottom of the calix, three-cornered above ;. 

 styles often three, capillary, erect, length of the stamina ; 

 stigmas simple. Pericarp: capsule ovate, three-celled, cut 

 round. Seeds: roundish, flattish, having a beak at the mar- 

 gin. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix: five-parted, coloured. 

 Petals: none. Capsule: ovate, three-celled, cut round, 

 many-seeded. The species are, 



1. Sesuvium Portulacastrum. Leaves wedge-shaped, on 

 very short petioles, opposite, obtuse, fleshy, thick, smooth, 

 bright green ; root perennial ; stems herbaceous, four or five 

 inches long, deeumbent, subdivided, round. Native of the 

 West Indies ; very common in Jamaica, in all the low lands 

 about the Ferry, growing in thick beds, on every spot of 

 ground that rises above the level of the water. It is very 

 succulent, and full of a neutral alkalescent salt, which may 

 be easily extracted, and would probably answer all the pur- 

 poses for which the salts of the Kali aie now used. 



2. Sesuvium Revolutifolium. Stems square ; leaves ovate- 

 oblong, reflexed; floweis sessile. Native of Cuba. 



Shaddock. See Citrus. 



Shallot. See Allium. 



Shawia; a genus of the class Syngenesia, order Polygamia 

 Segregata, or, according to Forster, Monogamia. GENERIC 

 CHARACTER. Calix: perianth imbricate, cylindrical; scales 

 five or six, oblong, three inner longer, almost equal. Corolla: 

 one-petalled, fu-nnel-form, short; border five-cleft, linear, 

 spreading. Stamina: filamenta five, capillary; anfhera cylin- 

 drical, tubular. Pistil: germen oblong ; style filiform, longer 

 than the corolla ; stigma bifid, spreading. Pericarp : none ; 

 calix unchanged, pervious. Seed : solitary, oblong. Down : 

 capillary, pubescent at the base. Receptacle: naked. ES- 

 SENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix : imbricate, with five or six 

 scales, three interior longer. Corolla: tubular, five-cleft. 

 Seed: one, oblong. The only known species is, 



1. Shawia Paniculata. Native of New Zealand. 



Sheep's Scabious. See Jasione. 



Shefficldia ; a genus of the class Pentandria, order Mono- 



fynia. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix : five-cleft. Corolla: 

 ell-shaped. Filamenta : ten, the alternate ones barren. 

 Capsule: one-celled, five-valved, many-seeded. Observe. 



This genus is now sunk into Samolus. The only known 



species is, 



1 . Sheffieldia Repens. This is a little procumbent creep- 

 ing plant, so resembling Peplis Portuca, that without the 

 fructification it would seem to be the same. Native of New 

 Zealand and Easter Island. 



Shepherd's Needle. See Scandix. 

 t Shepherd's Purse or Pouch. See Thlaspi. 



Shejiherd's Staff. See Dipsacus. 



Sherardia; a genus of the class Tetrandria, order Mono- 

 gynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : perianth small, six- 

 toothed, superior, permanent. Corolla : one-petalled, funnel- 

 form; tube cylindrical, long; border four-parted, flat, acute. 

 Stamma: fttamenta four, placed at the top of the tube; 

 antherae roundish, two-lobed. Pistil: germen twin, oblong, 

 inferior ; style filiform, bifid at top ; stigmas headed. Peri- 

 carp : none ; fruit oblong, crowned, separable longitudinally 

 into two parts. Seeds: two, oblong, marked at the apex with 



three points, convex on one side, flat on the other. ESSEN- 

 TIAL CHARACTER. Corolla : one-petalled, funnel-form, supe- 

 rior. Seeds : two, three-toothed. The species are, 



1. Sherardia Arvensis; Blue Sherardia, or Little Field 

 Madder. All the leaves in whorls ; flowers terminating ; root 

 annual, with many reddish-brown fibres. The whole plant 

 diffused, rough, and hairy, from four to seven inches high ; 

 corolla with a long slender tube, the border bright purple. 

 Native of Europe, among corn and on fallows; flowering 

 during the greater part of summer. 



2. Sherardia Muralis; Wall Slierardia. Stems diffuse; 

 leaves four in a whorl, or in pairs, spreading; whorls two- 

 flowered ; stalks of the fruit reflexed. Root annual ; stems 

 decumbent. Native of Italy and of Turkey. 



3. Sherardia Fruticosa; Shrubby Sherardia. Leaves in 

 fours, equal ; stem shrubby. This is a torose, irregular, rug- 

 ged shrub ; branches bluntly four-cornered ; corolla white. 

 One of the very few plants found on the island of Ascension. 



Sibbaldia; a genus of the class Pentandria, order Penta- 

 gynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth one-leafed, 

 half ten-cleft, with an erect base ; segments half lanceolate, 

 equal, spreading, alternately narrower, permanent. Corolla: 

 petals five, ovate, inserted into the calix. Stamina: fila- 

 menta five, capillary, shorter than the corolla, inserted into 

 the calix ; antherae small, obtuse. Pistil: germina five, ovate, 

 very short ; styles from the middle of one side of the germina, 

 length of the stamina; stigmas headed. Pericarp: none; 

 calix converging, concealing the seeds within its bosom. Seeds : 

 five, somewhat oblong. Observe. It sometimes, but very sel- 

 dom, becomes luxuriant, by doubling the number of pistilla 

 on the same plant. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix: ten- 

 cleft. Petals: five, inserted into the calix. Styles : from the 

 side of the germen. Seeds : five. The species are, 



1. Sibbaldia Procumbens; Procumbent Sibbaldia. Stem 

 procumbent; leaves three-toothed, wedge-form. Root per- 

 ennial, woody, branched, black on the outside. Native of 

 the mountains of Lapland, Siberia, Switzerland, and Scot- 

 land : in the last it ,is found plentifully on the north side of 

 Ben Lomond, three-fourths up the mountains, and sparingly 

 upon Ben Mor. It flowers in July. It grows upon moist 

 ground, and is difficult to preserve in gardens, and rarely 

 produces seed there ; the plants therefore must be procured 

 from the places where they grow naturally ; and if planted in 

 a moist soil and a shady situation, they will thrive tolerable 

 well, and produce flowers. 



2. Sibbaldia Erecfa; Upright Sibbaldia. Stem upright; 

 leaves linear, multifid ; flowers flesh-coloured. Native of 

 Siberia, in mountainous places. 



3. Sibbaldia Altaica. Stem upright ; leaves linear-filiform, 

 three-parted. Height of the stems about three inches, slender, 

 and slightly leafy. It has only one flower, or else is termi- 

 nated by a corymb of from three to five flowers. Found by 

 Pallas on the rocks of Dauria. 



Sibthorpia; a genus of the class Didynamia, order Angio- 

 spermia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth one- 

 leafed, turbinate, five-parted, spreading; segments ovate, per- 

 manent. Corolla : one-petalled, five-parted, spreading, equal, 

 length of the calix; segments rounded. Stamina: filamenta 

 four, capillary, two approximating ; antherse cordate-oblong. 

 Pistil : germen roundish, compressed ; style cylindrical, 

 thicker than the filamenta, length of the flower ; stigma sim- 

 ple, capitate, depressed. Pericarp : capsule compressed, 

 orbicular, two-bellied, with the sides acute, two-valved, two- 

 celled; partition transverse. Seeds: few, roundish-oblong, 

 convex on one side, flat on the other, inserted into a globu- 

 lar receptacle, fastened to the middle of the partition. ESSEN- 



