S KI 



OR, BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. 



S M I 



585 



cover the ground. In autumn, when the leaves begin to 

 decay, the roots will be fit for use, and will continue so 

 till the spring ; after which time they will become sticky, 

 as do those which run up to seed the first summer. To pro- 

 pagate this plant by offsets, dig up the old roots in the spring, 

 before they begin to shoot, and slip off the side-shoots, pre- 

 serving an eye or bud to each ; plant them in rows one foot 

 asunder, and four ipches distant in the rows. 



8. Slum Rigidius; Virginian Water Parsnep. Leaves 

 pinnate; leaflets lanceolate, almost quite entire ; stem stiffish; 

 flowers small ; petioles channelled. It flowers in July and 

 August. Native of Virginia. 



9. Sium Japonicum; Japanese Water Parsnep. Leaves 

 pinnate ; leaflets gashed ; umbels terminating ; stem erect, 

 flexuose, branched at top. Native of Japan, in the island of 

 Niphon, flowering in June. 



10. Sium Falcaria; Decurrent Water Parsnep. Leaflets 

 linear, decurrent, connate. Roots creeping, and spreading 

 very far under ground, thick, fleshy, and tasting like those 

 of Eryngo. The least part of the roots will grow, so that it 

 very soon multiplies itself. It flowers in July and August. 

 Native of Asia and Africa, as well as of Europe. 



11. Sium Grandiflorum ; Great-flowered Water Parsnep. 

 Leaves bipinnate; leaflets roundish, gash-toothed. Native 

 of the Cape. 



12. Sium Paniculatum ; Panicled Water Parsnep. Leaves 

 bipinnate; leaflets linear, pinnatifid. "Native of the Cape. 



13. Sium Patulum; Spreading \Water Parsnep. Leaves 

 bipinnate; leaflets trifid; branches diffuse. Native of the 

 Cape. 



14. Sium Grsecum; Grecian Water Parsnep. Leaves 

 bipinnate; leaflets lanceolate, serrate, the uppermost con- 

 fluent ; flowers yellow. Native of Greece. 



15. Sium Decumbens; Prostrate Water Parsnep. Leaves 

 bipinnate; leaflets trifid ; stem decumbent. Native of Japan, 

 on the island of Niphon, where it is called Jingosaku. 



16. Sium Siculum ; Sicilian Water Parsnep. Radical 

 leaves ternate; stem-leaves bipinnate; stem two feet high, 

 terminated in July by an umbel of yellow flowers. Native of 

 Sicily, and the hills near Algiers. 



17. SiumAsperum; Rough Water Parsnep. Leaves tri- 

 pinnate; peduncles and pedicels rugged. Native of the Cape. 



18. Sium Hispidum; Shaggy Water Parsnep. Leaves tri- 

 pinnate ; petioles and peduncles rugged. Native of the Cape. 



19. Sium Villosum ; Villose-leaved Water Parsnep. Leaves 

 tripinnatifid ; segments ovate, gash-serrate, villose. Native 

 of the Cape. 



20. Sium Lineare. Leaves pinnate; little leaves long, 

 sublanreolate-linear, somewhat remotely serrate; involucre 

 of few leaves ; involucels linear, polyphyllous ; umbel short, 

 radiate. Grows in wet meadows, and along ditches, from 

 Canada to Pennsylvania. 



21. Sium Longifolium. Leaves pinnate; leaflets very 

 long, falcate, linear, dentated ; stem slightly leafy, naked on 

 the upper part; umbels somewhat naked. Grows in the 

 ditches and bogs of New Jersey. 



Skimmia; a genus of the class Tetrandria, order Monogynia. 

 GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth one-leafed, very 

 small, permanent, almost four-parted to the base ; segments 

 ovate, acute. Corolla: petals four, ovate, concave, minute. 

 Stamina : filamenta four, very short ; antheraa ? Pistil : ger- 

 meti superior, roundish; style single; stigma? Pericarp: 

 berry ovate, umbilicate, indistinctly grooved, smooth, farina- 

 ceous, pulpy within, four-valved. Seeds : four, subtrigonal, 

 or externally convex, oblong, white. Observe. The perianth 



occasionally five-parted. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix: 





four-parted. Petals : four, concave. 

 The only species is, 



Berry: four-seeded. 



1. Skimmia Japonica. Stem shrubby, erect, smooth ; leaves 

 at the ends of the branches alternate, frequent, oblong, wa,ved, 

 entire ; flowers terminating in panicles. The foliage is ever- 

 green, and has an aromatic flavour. The fruit ripens in 

 December. Native of various parts of Japan. 



Slipper, Lady's. See Cypripedium. 



Sloanea.; (so called in honour of the celebrated Physician 

 Sir Hans Sloane :) a genus of the class Polyandria, order 

 Monogynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth one- 

 leafed, in five or more parts ; segments ovate, a little unequal. 

 Corolla: none. Stamina: filamenta very numerous, very 

 short, inserted into a villose receptacle; antherse oblong, 

 growing to the side of the filamenta. Pistil: germen oblong, 

 angular ; style simple, awl-shaped ; stigma five-cleft, acute. 

 Pericarp: capsule large, roundish, echinate with deciduous 

 prickles, with from three to six valves, and as many cells ; parti- 

 tions opposite to the valves. Seeds : solitary, or in pairs, oblong, 

 involved in a berried aril. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix: 

 one-leafed, from five to nine cleft. Corolla: none. Antheree: 

 growing to the filamenta below the top. Capsule : echinate, 

 from three to six celled, with as many valves. Seeds: two, 

 in a berried aril. The species are, 



1. Sloanea Dentata. Leaves ovate; stipules cordate, tri- 

 angular, serrate ; calix deeply divided. This is a lofty tree, 

 with round leafy branches, covered with down when youag. 

 Native of South America and the West Indies. 



2. Sloanea Grandiflora. Leaves toothed, tapering at the 

 base ; stipules triangular, cordate ; calix with shallow seg- 

 ments. Flowers very large, indented at the edge, oval, and 

 ending in a point. The trunk of this tree rises to forty or 

 fifty feet high, and is two feet in diameter. Native of 

 South America; flowering in November, in the province of 

 Guiana. 



3. Sloanea Massoni. Leaves cordate, elliptic ; stipules 

 linear ; calix five-parted ; bristles of the capsule very long. 

 Native of the West Indies, at St. Kill's. 



4. Sloanea Sinemariensis. Leaves roundish, ovate, quite 

 entire ; capsules ovate, bristly, opening from the top. This 

 is a tree forty or fifty feet high, with a cloven ferruginous or 

 cinereous bark. Native of South America and the West In- 

 dies ; found in Guiana, and in the island of St. Christopher. 



Sloe Tree. See Primus. 



Smallage. See Apium. 



Smilax ; a genus of the class Dioecia, order Hexandria. 

 GEN-ERIC CHARACTER. Male. Calix : perianth six-leaved, 

 spreading, bell-shaped ; leaflets oblong, approximaling at the 

 base, bent back and spreading at the tip. Corolla : none, 

 unless the calix be taken for it. Stamina : filamenta six, sim- 

 ple ; antherse oblong. Female. Calix: as in the male, deci- 

 duous. Corolla: none. Pistil: germen ovate ; slyles three, 

 very small ; stigmas oblong, bent back, pubescent. Pericarp: 

 berry globular, threes-celled. Seeds : two, globular. ESSEN- 

 TIAL CHARACTER. Calix: six-leaved. Corolla : none. Fe- 

 male. Styles: three. Berry: three-celled. Seeds: two. 



The species are, 



* Stem prickly, angular. 



1. Smilax Aspera; Rough Smilax, or Rough Bindweed. 

 Stem prickly, angular; leaves toothed and prickly, cordate, 

 nine-nerved. Roots perennial, consisting of many thick 

 fleshy fibres, spreading wide and striking deep ; stems climb- 

 ing by means of tendrils like Briony, and hang in festoons 

 from the tops of hedges ; flowers white, in small umbellate 

 tufts ; berries of a dull scarlet, the size of currants. The 

 knavish druggists in the south of Europe often sell the roots 



