676 



TI L 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



TIL 



the trees are designed to grow large; and if they be only 

 once transplanted while young, it will be better still : for all 

 trees that are transplanted when large, are shorter-lived than 

 those which remain in the places where they arose from seeds, 

 and their timber will be sounder, and grow to a much larger 

 size. The seeds should be sown in autumn, soon after they 

 are ripe, upon a shady border of moist light soil, where the 

 plants will come up in the following spring ; but when the 

 seeds are kept out of the ground till spring, the plants will 

 not come up till the year after. When they appear, keep 

 them clean from weeds till the following autumn, and then 

 take them up carefully, arid transplant them into a nursery, 

 where they may grow two or three years to get strength, 

 and then may be planted where they are intended to remain. 

 Mr. Boutcher recommends the seeds to be gathered at the 

 end of October, when they are ripe, and, after being quite 

 dry, to mix them with sand to protect them from frost and 

 rain, and to sow them at the beginning of March. Dr. 

 Hunter directs the seeds to be sown in beds three feet and a 

 half or four feet wide, about an inch asunder, covering them 

 three-quarters of an inch, or an inch deep. They will appear 

 in the spring, must be weeded and slightly watered in very dry 

 weather, and have ashes sifted over them before winter to de- 

 stroy the moss. In two years they will be fit to plant out in 

 the nursery in rows two feet and a half asunder, and each tree 

 at eighteen inches' distance, shortening the roots a little, and 

 cutting off any side-branches. They will bear removing at any 

 size, though the younger when transplanted the better. 



2. Tilia Americana; Broad-leaved American Lime Tree. 

 Flowers furnished with nectaries; leaves deeply cordate, 

 sharply serrate, smooth. This was brought from New Eng- 

 land under the name of Black Lime, the branches being 

 covered with a dark brown bark. The petals are narrower, 

 and have nectaria growing to their base. The flowers do 

 not appear till late in July, a full month after the common 

 sort; and 'the capsules are smaller, rounder, and less hairy. 

 Native of Virginia and Canada. 



3. Tilia Pubescens; Hoary Lime Tree. Flowers furnished 

 with nectaries; leaves truncate at the base, oblique, toothlet- 

 serrate, pubescent underneath ; panicles forked, compound. 

 This seems to be a smaller tree than either of the former; the 

 branches spread more horizontally: the bunches of flowers 

 stand upon long slender footstalks; and the flowers emit a 

 very fragrant odour, and are frequented incessantly by bees 

 while they continue: they come out in July, and ripen seed 

 in favourable autumns. Brought from Carolina at the begin- 

 ning of the seventeenth century. 



4. Tilia Alba ; White Lime Tree. Leaves deeply cordate, 

 subsinuate, toothed, tomentose underneath. A hardy tree, 

 but does not flourish so well in England as any of the pre- 

 ceding. Native of woods in Hungary. 



5. Tilia Lax [flora ; Panicled Lime Tree. Leaves cordate, 

 sensibly acuminate, membranaceons, glabrous; panicles laxi- 

 florous ; petals emarginate; style longer the petals; capsule 

 globose. Grows near the sea-coast from Maryland to Geor- 

 gia; flowering in May and June. 



6. Tilia Heterophylla; Various-leaved Lime Tree. Leaves 

 ovate at the base, obliquely or equally truncated and cordated, 

 finely serrated ; snowy and tomentose beneath; capsule glo- 

 bose, subcostate. A very handsome and desirable ornamen- 

 tal tree, growing on the banks of the Ohio and Mississippi. 



Tillcea; a genus of the class Tetrandria, order Tetragynia. 

 GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : perianth four-parted, 

 flat ; segments ovate, large. Corolla : petals four, ovate, 

 acute, flat, commonly smaller than the calix. Stamina: fila- 

 menta four, simple, shorter than the corolla ; antherte small, 



roundish. Pistil: germina four ; styles simple ; stigmas ob- 

 tuse. Pericarp : capsules four, oblong, acuminate, reflexed, 

 length of the calix, opening longitudinally upwards. Seeds: 

 in pairs, ovate. Observe. In the eighth species the parts of 

 fructification are usually in threes, not fours. ESSENTIAL 

 CHARACTER. Cafe; three or four parted. Petals: three or 



four, equal. Capsules: three or four, many-seeded. The 



species are, 



1. Tillaea Aquatica; Water Tillcea. Stem upright; leaves 

 linear; flowers sessile, generally four-cleft and four-stamined. 

 Annual. A delicate smooth plant, two or three inches high. 

 Native of Lapland, and very abundant near Upsal, where 

 water stagnates upon the mountains. 



2. Tillsea Prostrata ; Prostrate Tillcea. Stem prostrate ; 

 leaves lanceolate; flowers peduncled; peduncles shorter than 

 the leaf. Annual. Native of moist places in Germany. 



8. Tillsea Vaillantii; Vaillanfs Tillcea. Stem upright, 

 dichotomous ; leaves ovate, stem-clasping, shorter than the 

 peduncles. Native of France, in moist places. 



4. Tillaea Capensis ; Cape Tillcea. Leaves somewhat ob- 

 long ; flowers four-cleft ; roots capillary, abundant ; stem an 

 inch in height, herbaceous, dichotomous ; petals four, oval, 

 white, twice as long as the calix; nectaries purple, triangu- 

 lar. This, and the following, are natives of the Cape. 



5. Tillaea Perfoliata; Perfoliate Tillcea. Leaves perfoliate, 

 ovate; corymbs terminating; flowers four-cleft. 



6. Tillaea Umbellata ; Umbelled Tillcea. Leaves subpeti- 

 oled, obtuse, eutire ; stem capillary, upright; flowers umbel- 

 led. 



7. Tillaea Decumbens; Decumbent Tillcea. Decumbent: 

 leaves awl-shaped; petals shorter than the calix. 



8. Tillsea Muscosa; Mossy Tillcea. Stems procumbent, 

 branched; leaves obtuse; flowers sessile, mostly trih'd ; calix 

 and petals taper-pointed. Root annual, small, fibrous; herb 

 succulent, smooth, generally red ; stems numerous, filiform, 

 round, becoming quadrangular when dry, jointed, one or 

 two inches high, but lengthening considerably after flower- 

 ing, at first nearly erect, but after a while procumbent. The 

 most dreary sands are not always unprofitable to a botanist; 

 their loose and fluctuating surface being often arrested for 

 a while, and destined to afford support to a tribe of plants, 

 the constitution of which is fitted by Providence to thrive on 

 the meagre nourishment which they afford. Thus some of 

 the vast African deserts are turned to account by means of 

 Mesembryanthemum, Cotyledon, and other succulent vege- 

 tables ; and here we have a plant nearly allied to the latter 

 genus, which flourishes on the driest sandy heaths, where 

 few others would live, and at a season when Mosses and 

 Lichens are dried up. Large tracts of such land, as Grayton, 

 Cawston, and Mousehold heath, in the county of Norfolk, and 

 Brandon heath in Suffolk, are enlivened by the red colour of 

 this remarkable plant. 



Tillandsia ; a genus of the class Hexandria, order Mono- 

 gynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth one-leafed, 

 trifid, oblong, erect, permanent; segments oblong-lanceolate, 

 acuminate. Corolla : tubular, one-petalled ; tube long, ven- 

 tricose ; border trifid, obtuse, erect, small. Stamina : fila- 

 menta six, linear, as long as the tube of the corolla; antherse 

 acute, in the neck of the corolla, incumbent. Pistil: germen 

 oblong, acuminate both ways; style filiform, length of the 

 stamina; stigma trifid, obtuse. Pericarp: capsule long, 

 obtusely three-cornered, acuminate, one or two celled, three- 

 valved. Seeds : many, cylindrical, fastened to a very long 

 capillary pappus. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix: trifid, 

 permanent. Corolla: tubular, trifid. Capsule: three-valved. 

 Seeds: comose. The species are, 



