688 



TRI 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



TRI 



site, petioled, elliptic, quite entire, smooth ; petioles mem- 

 branaceous on each side; flowers axillary, on short pedun- 

 cles. Native of the East Indies. 



Tribulus ; a genus of the class Decandria, order Monogy- 

 nia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : perianth one-leafed, 

 five-parted, acute, a little shorter than the petals. Corolla : 

 petals five, oblong, obtuse, spreading-. Stamina : filarnenta 

 ten, awl-shaped, very small; antherse simple. Pistil: germen 

 oblong, length of the stamina; style short and thick; stigma 

 headed. Pericarp: roundish, prickly, of five or ten capsules, 

 gibbous on one side, often armed with three or four dasjger- 

 points, angular on the inner edge, converging, with trans- 

 verse cells. Seeds: many, turbinate, oblong. Observe. The 

 first species has ten wrinkled fruits, without lateral spines. 

 ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix: five-parted. Petals: five, 

 spreading. Style: conical. Capsules: five or ten, gibbous, 

 spiny, many-seeded. The species are, 



1. Tribulus Maximus; Great Caltrops. Leaves about 

 four-paired; outer leaflets larger; pericarpia ten-seeded, awn- 

 less; flowers axillary; petals large, yellow. It is an annual 

 plant, with pretty thick, compressed, channelled stalks, which 

 trail upon the ground, and are nearly two feet long. The 

 flowers have an agreeable odour, and are succeeded by round- 

 ish prickly fruit, ending in a long point. Browne says, this 

 plant grows in all the pastures of Jrimaica, and is frequently 

 gathered with other fodder plants, and fed upon indiscri- 

 minately by all sorts of cattle. This, with the second and 

 fourth species, being natives of hot countries, and very ten- 

 der, must be propagated by seeds sown upon a hot-bed early 

 in the spring. When the plants come up, transplant each 

 into a separate pot, filled with rich light earth, plunge them 

 into the tan-pit, and treat them in the same manner as other 

 tender exotic plants, being careful to bring them forward as 

 early as possible in the summer. 



2. Tribulus Lariuginosus; Woolly Caltrops. Leaves about 

 five-paired ; leaflets almost equal ; seeds two-horned ; steins 

 ascending, long, round, hairy, jointed ; peduncle from the al- 

 ternate axils, or that of the smaller leaf. Native of Ceylon. 



3. Tribulus Terrestris; Small Caltrops. Leaves six-paired, 

 almost equal; seeds four-horned. Root slender, fibrous, an- 

 nual; from which spring four or five slender stalks, spread- 

 ing flat on the ground, they are hairy, and extend two feet and 

 a half in length ; flowers axillary, on short peduncles, com- 

 posed of five broad obtuse yellow petals. They appear in 

 June and July, and are succeeded by roundish five-cornered 

 prickly fruit, which, when ripe, divides into five cells, each 

 containing one or two seeds, which ripen in August and Sep- 

 tember. Native of most of the hot and temperate parts of 

 the world; as the south of Europe, Barbary, Siberia, the 

 coast of Coromandel, China, Cochin-china, and the West 

 Indies. Browne says, it is common about Kingston in 

 Jamaica; being planted there, in many gardens, for the sake 

 of its flowers, which have an agreeable smell. Poultry are 

 observed to feed much upon this plant, which is thought to 

 fatten them, and to heighten their flavour : it is there called 

 Turkey Blossom. The English name Caltrops, is taken from 

 the form of the fruit, which resembles the machines that are 

 cast in the way to obstruct an enemy's cavalry. Sow the 

 seeds in autumn, on an open bed of fresh light earth, where 

 they are designed to remain, for they do not bear transplant- 

 ing very well. In the spring, carefully clear them from weeds, 

 and thin them where they come up too close. In June they 

 will begin to flower, and their seeds will ripen in August and 

 September. If the seeds be permitted to scatter, the plants 

 will come up in the following spring, and maintain their 

 place, unless overpowered by the weeds. 



4. Tribulus Cistoides ; Cistus-flowered Caltrops. Leaves 

 eight-paired; leaflets almost equal. Root perennial, woody; 

 from which spring out many hairy, jointed, trailing stalks, 

 nearly two feet long; peduncles axillary, hairy, nearly two 

 inches long, sustaining one pale yellow flower, composed of 

 five large petals with narrow tails, but very broad and round- 

 ish at their points; fruit roundish, armed with very acute 

 spines. Native of meadows in South America, and the West 

 Indies. It will live through the winter, if plunged in the 

 bark-stove : in the following summer it will flower earlier, 

 and there will be more time for the seeds to ripen. 



Tricera; a genus of the class Monoecia, order Tetrandria. 

 GENERIC CHARACTER. Umbel simple, with the male 

 florets peduncled, and a female in the middle sessile; invo- 

 lucre none. Male. Calix: perianth one-leafed, four-parted 

 to the base; segments lanceolate, acute, erect, permanent, 

 coloured. Corolla: none. Stamina: filamenta four, erect, 

 longer than th calix, ovate; antherse sitting on the top of 

 the filamenta, lanceolate, acute, channelled in the middle, 

 after flowering recurved. Female. Calix : perianth five- 

 leaved; leaflets ovate acute, erect, coloured. Corolla: none. 

 Pistil: gerrnen ubtrigonal ; styles three, short, roundish, coni- 

 cal, after flowering bipartite; stigmas linear, longer than the 

 styles, recurved, patulous, channelled, permanent. Pericarp : 

 capsule oblong, trigonal, three-horned, three-celled, three- 

 valved. Seeds: in pairs, oblong, obtuse. ESSENTIAL CHA- 

 RACTER. Male. Calix: four-parted. Corolla: none. Sta- 

 mina: fleshy. Filamenta: ovate. Female. Calix: five-leav- 

 ed. Corolla: none. Styles: conical. Capsule: three-horned, 

 three-celled, three-valved. The species are, 



1. Tricera Loevigata. Leaves on short round petioles, 

 opposite, distich, ovate-lanceolate, acute, convex, quite en- 

 tire, veined above, marked with lines at the edge, veinless 

 beneath, stiffish, very smooth; flowers whitish, in simple, 

 axillary, opposite umbels; the common peduncle four-cor- 

 nered, three times shorter than the leaves. A branching 

 shrub, two or three feet high ; its branches long and spread- 

 ing, smooth, leafy, and obscurely quadrangular. Native of 

 Jamaica, in mountain-coppices in the western parts of the 

 island; flowering in the spring. 



2. Tricera Citrifolia. Leaves ovate-oblong, pointed, triple- 

 ribbed, veiny on both sides; clusters axillary. A shrub fifteen 

 feet high, branched, with a pale gray bark, and hard yellow 

 wood. Found in the Caraccas. 



3. Tricera Cordifolia. Leaves elliptical, obtuse, veiny, 

 somewhat heart-shaped at the base; flowers in lateral tufts. 

 A shrub with round gray branches. Native of the West 

 Indies. 



Trichilia; a genus of the class Decandria, order Mono- 

 gynia. GENEU.IC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth one- 

 leafed, tubular, mostly five-toothed, short. Corolla: petals 

 five, lanceolate, spreading; nectary cylindrical, tubular, with 

 a ten-toothed mouth, shorter than the petals, connate, of ten 

 filamenta. Stamina: filamenta none; antherse ten, erect, 

 rising from the margin of the tube of the nectary, deciduous. 

 Pistil : germen subovate, subtrilobate ; style short ; stigma 

 headed, three-toothed. Pericarp : capsule roundish, sub- 

 trigonal, three-celled, three-valved. Seeds: solitary, berried. 

 ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix: mostly five-toothed. 

 Petals : five. Nectary : toothed, cylindrical, bearing the 

 antherse at the top of the teeth. Capsule: three-celled, three- 

 valved. Seeds: berried. The species are, 



1. Trichilia Hirta. Leaves pinnate; leaflets fewer, elliptic, 

 acuminate, smooth ; racemes clustered. Trunk twenty feet 

 high, straight, covered with an almost smooth grayish or 

 light brown bark, with some white spots in it. The ends of 



