3V6 



TRI 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



TRI 



Tnfolii of Linncus ; and is described as having a black 

 body, with an extended beak a little longer than the thorax, 

 which has small dots on it; the elytra, or wing-covers, are 

 striated ; the antennae pitchy ; the legs rust-coloured, the 

 feet always black, and the thighs generally of the same 

 colour, but the abdomen white : the length of the body is a 

 line and half. It is called the Clover Weevil, and comes out 

 early in spring, in warm pastures, and flies about till the 

 heads of Clover beat out, when the females deposit their eggs 

 on them. Hatched between the calices, the maggot penetrates 

 with its head into the rudiments of the first seed, as yet in a 

 liquid state, and then proceeds to another more advanced, 

 and suitable to its increased strength. Having consumed 

 three or four of them, it remains in the place of the last, 

 where it is sufficiently sheltered, and changes into its chrysalis 

 state, and in a few days afterwards issues forth perfected. 

 Having taken a short meal, it then slowly conceals itself in 

 the small holes of fences, or in the bark of trees, where it 

 reposes during the winter. Happily the wren, red-breast, 

 and other small birds, destroy great numbers; but the fecun- 

 dity of the remainder is prodigious. 



22. Trifolium Medium; Zigzag Trefoil. Spikes loose; 

 stem fiexuose, branched; corollas nearly equal; stipules sub- 



'ulate, linear. Root perennial, descending, creeping, brown- 

 ish, ash-coloured ; petioles unequal, the lower much longer 

 than the stipules, the upper commonly shorter, all somewhat 

 diverging; leaflets unequal at the beginning, and below ovate, 

 next and in the middle oblong, finally and above almost 

 lanceolate, and often somewhat attenuated ; in the lower 

 leaves much smaller, and very obtuse, in the rest larger and 

 more acute, all more obscurely veined on the upper surface, 

 more evidently on the lower. The flowers are diverging, and 

 loosely imbricate ; corolla odorous; banner scarcely longer 

 than the wings, with a short point, and streaks of a deeper 

 purple; wings paler, a little longer than the keel. It differs 

 from the preceding species in its large heads of flowers, longer 

 and narrower stipules, and more unequal calix; and from 

 both it and the Alpestre, by its remarkably flexuose and zig- 

 zag stem. In a good loose soil it is said to grow more slender, 

 and the spikes to become smaller ; but it might perhaps be 

 worth cultivating on stubborn hungry clay, like its natural 

 soil. It flowers in July, later than the common Clover. 

 Native of many parts of Europe; found in Great Britain, 

 Sweden, Denmark^ Austria, Carniola, Piedmont, Holland, 

 Switzerland, and many parts of Germany. 



23. Trifolium Alpestre; Alpine Trefoil. Spikes dense; 

 corollas nearly equal; stipules setaceous, diverging; leaflets 

 lanceolate ; stem stiff and quite simple. Root perennial, de- 

 scending obliquely, creeping, brown ; stem angular, downy, 

 a foot high ; petioles almost equal, very short, the length of 

 the stipules, erect: flowers erect, closely imbricate; calix 

 very villose, pale yellow, with streaks a little darker; teeth 

 pale green, the two upper etjual, and shorter than the tube 

 of the calix; the two lower ones also equal, but a little longer 

 than the two upper ones, and for the most part equalling the 

 tube of the calix ; the lowest as long as the tube of the co- 

 rolla, twice as long as the next teeth, and sometimes longer; 

 corolla inodorous, the whole dark purple; wings scarcely 

 shorter than the banner, but a little longer than the keel. It 

 is not cultivated, nor can it be recommended for that pur- 

 pose, as it affords few leaves, and does not branch. It is 

 not a native of Britain, but occurs in dry mountainous woody 

 places, in various parts of Germany. 



24. Trifolium Pannonicum ; Hungarian Trefoil. Spikes 

 villose, long; corollas one-petalled; leaves quite entire; stem 

 erect, both extremely villose; root woody, perennial, brown; 



flowers cream-coloured, numerous, composing an elegant, 

 terminating, close, ovate-oblong, peduncled spike. It flow- 

 ers in July and August. Native of meadows in Lower Hun- 

 gary, America, &c. 



25. Trifolium Squarrosum; Round-leaved Trefoil. Spikes 

 oblong, somewhat hairy ; the lowest teeth of the calices re- 

 flexed; stem herbaceous, erect; root annual. It varies with 

 oval and lanceolate leaves. Flowers here in July. Native 

 of Spain. 



26. Trifolium Incarnatum ; Crimson Trefoil. Spikes vil- 

 lose, oblong, obtuse, leafless; leaflets roundish, crenate. Stem 

 from a foot to eighteen inches in height, erect, villose; stipules 

 membranaceous, striated ; calix villose, shorter than the co- 

 rolla; teeth awl-shaped, nearly equal, feathered; corolla a 

 little longer than the calix, red, with a long narrow obtuse 

 banner. The flowers are sometimes found of a beautiful red, 

 almost scarlet, but vary from a bright crimson to a perfect 

 white. It is an hardy annual, known in our gardens, and one 

 of the largest and most showy of the genus ; flowering in 

 July. Native of the south of France; and of Barbary, about 

 Algiers. 



27. Trifolium Ochroleucum ; Pallid or Sulphur-coloured 

 Trefoil. Head villose; stem erect, pubescent; lowest leaflets 

 obcordate; lowest calicine tooth very long. Root perennial, 



'branching at top, so as to bear several stems, twelve or eighteen 

 inches high; leaves remote, the uppermost or floral ones only 

 opposite; stipules large, combined, embracing, sharp-pointed, 

 downy, ribbed, with simple nerves; calix slender, furrowed, 

 hairy, permanent, whitish; teeth bristle-shaped, the lowest 

 twice as long as the four others, which are equal, tipped with 

 purple, and sometimes wholly of that colour. This species is 

 harsh, stiff, and hairy, and, not abounding in either stalks or 

 leaves, can hardly be sought for cultivation, in preference to 

 many superior sorts; although Mr. Curtis recommends it to 

 the notice of the experimental agriculturist; and Mr. Miller 

 asserts, that in some countries it has been sown in the same 

 manner as the Common Red Clover, and produced a better 

 crop than the latter, especially on chalky ground. Found in 

 dry, bushy, gravelly or calcareous pastures, from England to 

 Constantinople, flowering in June or July. 



28. Trifolium Angust-ifolium; Narrow-leaved Trefoil. Spikes 

 villose, conic-oblong; calicine teeth setaceous, almost equal; 

 leaflets linear. Root annual, woody, hard; stems numerous, 

 erect, stiff, villose and silky, a foot high, branched, or some- 

 times simple; corollas shorter than the calix, pale or whitish, 

 without the blood-red spot in the wings. According to Lin- 

 neus, it varies in Palestine, with corollas double the size, and 

 more deeply coloured ; the lower tooth of the calix longer, 

 and all of them straight, not bent in. It flowers from June 

 to August. Native of Germany, the south of France, Italy, 

 Spain, Carniola, Barbary, and the island of Madeira. 



29. Trifolium Arvense; Hare's-foot Trefoil. Spikes ex- 

 tremely villose, subcylindrical ; calicine teeth setaceous, 

 longer than the corolla; leaflets obovate, linear. Root small, 

 annual: the whole plant villose; stem mostly erect, much 

 branched, round, firm, changing its direction from joint to 

 joint; leaves on short petioles; stipules lanceolate, often 

 striated with red veins, and tapering into a bristle-like point. 

 There is a variety found in maritime situations, the herbage 

 of which sometimes becomes quite silky. It appears to be 

 unfit for cultivation. Native of Europe and Barbary, as well 

 as of North America, in barren sandy pastures and fields ; 

 flowering in July and August. 



30. Trifolium Maritimum; Teasel-headed Trefoil. Spikes 

 hairy, globular; calicine teeth leafy, finally spreading; stipules 

 lanceolate ; leaflets obovate. Root annual ; stems many, 



