698 



TRI 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



TRI 



hairy ; stem erect. This has very much the appearance of 

 the preceding species ; but the stem is more erect, and the 

 banner of the florets becomes ferruginous after flowering. 

 Native of dry pastures in Sweden, and other parts of Europe. 



48. Trifolium Procumbens; Procumbent Hop Trefoil. 

 Spikes oval, many-flowered ; banners grooved ; stems pro- 

 cumbent ; leaflets obovate ; common petiole elongated at the 

 base. Root annual, small, but strong; corolla lemon-colour- 

 ed, permanent, at length brown and membranous; banner 

 broad, furrowed, plaited. The name of Hop Trefoil is with 

 much propriety bestowed on this plant, the head being larger 

 and more resembling the Hop than any of the English 

 species. It is by no means uncommon in dry pastures on 

 the borders of fields, and in gravelly soils. In some mea- 

 dows it forms a considerable part of the crop, and makes 

 excellent fodder. It flowers in June and July; and deserves 

 the attention of the husbandman. 



49. Trifolium Filiforme ; Slender Yellow Trefoil. Spikes 

 few-flowered, loose ; peduncles flexuose ; banners smooth ; 

 stems prostrate; all the leaflets subsessile. Root annual, 

 small, fibrous ; corolla permanent, scariose, with the banner 

 keeled, narrower than in the preceding, neither bent in nor 

 grooved; flowers yellow, from three to eight, drooping. This 

 and the next species grow naturally among grass in most of 

 the upland pastures in this country; and the seeds of this are 

 frequently sold in the shops by the name of Hop Clover, and 

 are by many mixed with other sorts of Clover and Grass 

 seeds, for laying down ground to pasture. The next species 

 is a much smaller plant, and has trailing stalks ; and the 

 heads of flowers are smaller, and of a deeper yellow colour. 

 As they are not abiding plants, they are not proper to be 

 sown where the ground is designed to continue in pasture ; 

 but where one or two crops only are taken, and the land is 

 ploughed again for corn, it may do well enough when it is 

 mixed with other seeds, though the cattle are not very fond 

 of it green, when it is very young. The lajge sort is the most 

 profitable, but it is rarely to be had without a mixture of the 

 small kind, and also of the Smaller Melilot, which is com- 

 monly called Nonesuch, or Black Seeds, for those who save 

 the seeds for sale, are seldom curious enough to distinguish 

 the sorts ; but in lawns, where the beauty of the verdure is 

 considered, none of these seeds must be sown, because their 

 yellow heads of flowers must be unsightly among the grass; 

 in gardens, where the grass is constantly mown, the flowers 

 of these plants will come out near the roots, so as to occa- 

 sion large unsightly yellow patches; and as the heads decay, 

 they turn brown, and have a very disagreeable appearance. 

 See Medicago Lupulina. 



50. Trifolium Minus; Small Yellow Trefoil. Spikes in 

 hemispherical heads; peduncles stiff; banners smoothish; 

 stems prostrate ; common petiole very short at the base. 

 Withering says, this is the most common sort of Hop Trefoil, 

 and may be found in almost every dry, sandy, or gravelly 

 pasture, especially where the turf is fine, but varying greatly 

 in size, according to the richness or poverty of the soil. 



51. Trifolium Biflorum ; Two-flowered Trefoil. Spikes 

 two-flowered, sessile; involucre hispid, funnel-form ; leaves 

 lanceolate; stem nearly upright; flowers two, coming out 

 alternately. Native of Virginia and Canada. 



Tric/lochin; a genus of the class Hexandria, order Trigy- 

 nia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth three-leaved; 

 leaflets roundish, obtuse, concave, deciduous. Corolla: petals 

 three, ovate, concave, obtuse, like the calix. Stamina : fila- 

 tnenta six, very short ; antherce as many, shorter than the 

 corolla. Pistil: germen large ; styles none ; stigmas three, 

 or twice as many, reflexed, feathered. Pericarp: capsule 



ovate-oblong, obtuse; cells as many as there are stigmas, 

 opening at the base by acute valves. Seeds: solitary, ob- 

 long, erect. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix: three-leaved. 

 Petals: three, calix-form. Style: none. Capsule: opening, 

 at the base. The species are, 



1. Triglochin Palustre; Marsh Arrow Grass, or Spiked 

 Grass. Capsules three-celled, even, linear, attenuated at the 

 base ; stigmas erect. Root fibrous, tufted, perennial. The 

 most striking and certain distinction between this and the fol- 

 lowing, is, that the fruit of this is much more long and slender, 

 having only three cells, and three valves, instead of six. All 

 cattle will eat it, and cows are said to be extremely fond of it. 

 Native of Europe, Siberia, and Barbary, in boggy places ; 

 and common in England, flowering in July. 



2. Triglochin Bulbosum; Bulbous Arrow Grass. Capsules 

 three-celled, even, linear, attenuated at the top; stigmas 

 spreading; root bulbous, covered with bristles heaped into a 

 tufted bundle. The flowers and whole plant very much re- 

 semble the preceding species, but the flower and fruit are 

 smaller. Native of the Cape. 



3. Triglochin Maritimum ; Sea Arrow Grass. Capsules 

 six-celled, grooved, ovate; leaves semi,cylindrical; root tuber- 

 ous. Scape scarcely longer than the leaves, inclining at the 

 base, terminating in a dense spike of greenish-purple flowers, 

 on short flower-stalks. Native of most parts of Europe, and of 

 Siberia, in salt-marshes, and in the ooze of large rivers, where 

 the tide flows ; flowering throughout the summer. All domes 

 tic cattle being very fond of this plant, it deserves the notice 

 of such as possess salt-marshes. 



4. Triglochin Elatum. Persistent styles and capsules six; 

 fruit angular; capsules linear, dorsely depressed, with acute 

 margins ; scape much longer than the leaves. Scape about 

 two feet high; leaves verry narrow; stamina six, in two series; 

 each subtended by a calix of three leaves; spike nearly a 

 foot long. Found in marshes in the state of New York. 



5. Triglochin Triandrum. Flowers triandrous, three-cleft, 

 short-pedicellate; capsules trigono-subrotund ; leaves sub- 

 setaceous, nearly equalling the scape or spike. Grows in 

 overflowed marshes, near Charlestown, Carolina. 



Trigonella; a genus of the class Diadelphia, order Decan- 

 dria. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth one-leafed, 

 bell-shaped, half five-cleft; toothlets awl-shaped, nearly equal. 

 Corolla: papilionaceous, as it were three-petalled ; banner 

 subovate, obtuse, reflex, spreading; wings two, ovate-oblong, 

 outwardly reflex, spreading, so that the banner with the wings 

 constitutes, as it were, a regular three-petalled corolla ; keel 

 very short, obtuse, occupying the navel of the flower. Sta- 

 mina: filamenta diadelphous, simple and nine-cleft, short, 

 rising; antherae simple, roundish. Pistil: germen ovate-ob- 

 long; style simple, rising; stigma simple. Pericarp: legume 

 ovate-oblong, compressed, covered. Seeds: many, roundish. 

 ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Banner, and Wings: nearly equal, 



spreading in form of a three-petalled corolla. The species 



are, 



1. Trigonella Ruthenica; Small Fenugreek. Legumes 

 peduncled, heaped, pendulous, linear, straight; leaflets sub- 

 lanceolate. Herb very smooth ; stalks slender, round, leafy, 

 trailing, extending a foot and half in length, and dividing into 

 several branches. Biennial. It flowers in June and July. 

 Native of Siberia. Sow the seeds of this, and the next fol- 

 lowing eight species, where they are designed to stand, for they 

 will not bear transplanting. If they are sown in autumn, the 

 plants will come earlier to flower, and good seeds may be ob- 

 tained with more certainty than from spring plants. All the 

 culture they require is, to thin them where they stand too 

 close, and to keep them clean from weeds. 





