ri4 



TUL 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



TUL 



Withering mentions a variety, or, as he observes, probably a 

 distinct species. It has an uniform internal substance, like 

 cork, but of the colour of tanned leather ; the surface is 

 knobbed and pitted, hairy in the pits. The whole mass was 

 perforated by stems of grass ; hence it must have appeared 

 above the ground in a soft state. 



5. Tuber jEstivum ; Summer Truffle. Almost globular, 

 smooth, brown, or blackish; spongy within ; wholly subter- 

 raneous. These have little taste or smell, but are much used 

 for the table. When young, the surface is whitish and scaly, 

 but generally becomes brown or blackish. Their size is equal 

 to a chestnut or walnut. Persoon thought it to be the same 

 with the fourth species, or at least only a variety. It abounds 

 in Carinthia and Carniola, from May to August. 



6. Tuber Cervinum; Bastard Truffle. Globular, finely 

 granulated, rather solid, finely bursting, powdery in the cen- 

 tre. It is about an inch and half in diameter, outside tawny, 

 internal substance purplish. It occurs barely sunk in the 

 ground in many parts of England, Bohemia, &c. 



7. Tuber Solidum ; Hard Truffle. Globular, but depressed, 

 brown, reticulated, very firm, blue-black within. It was found 

 in Dr. Withering's park at Edgbaston near Birmingham, under 

 an Oak tree by the pool, in August. It has a short root; and 

 appears, however, to be a kind of Lycoperdon. 



8. Tuber Radicatum ; Rooted Truffle. Roundish, de- 

 pressed, cracked in the surface, with a thick short root. 

 Two or three inches hi diameter, solid, never bursting, nor 

 yet becoming internally powdery. The outer skin is brown 

 or olive, cracking into angular portions, but not warty. 

 Found, but rarely, in the summer on heaths and in woods in 

 Italy arid England. 



Tulbagia ; a genus of the class Hexandria, order Mono- 

 gynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix : spathe two-valved, 

 oblong, membranaceous, with the flowers peduncled. Co- 

 rolla: petals six, lanceolate, length of the nectary, placed 

 on the tube, three in the middle, three behind the border ; 

 nectary one-petalled, cylindrical, with the border six-parted, 

 awl-shaped, spreading. Stamina : filamenta six, very short, 

 three in the throat, three within the tube ; anther* some- 

 what oblong, acute. Pistil: germen superior, ovate ; style 

 cylindrical, short; stigma turbinate, hollow. Pericarp: 

 capsule ovate, subtrigonal, three-celled, three-valved ; par- 

 tition contrary to the valves. Seeds: according to Geertner, 

 two in a cell. Observe. The corolla one-petalled, funnel- 

 i'orm, with a six-cleft border; nectary crowning the aperture, 

 three-leaved ; leaflets bifid. It cannot be associated with 

 Narcissus, on account of its superior germen : the corolla 

 bears more resemblance to the Hyacinth. ESSENTIAL CHA- 

 RACTER. Corolla : funnel-form, with a six-cleft border. 

 Nectary : crowning the aperture, three-leaved ; leaflets bifid, 

 the size of the border. Capsule: superior. Seeds: com- 

 pressed. The species are, 



1. Tulbagia Alliacea; Narcissus-leaved Tulbagia. Nec- 

 tary one-leafed, six-toothed ; root bulbous, with numerous 

 thick subfusiform fibres; corolla one-petalled, tubular, green 

 like the Oriental Hyacinth, with a small acute border. It 

 flowers here in May, is of the height of the Snowdrop. Na- 

 tive of the Cape. 



2. Tulbagia Cepacea ; Purple Tulbagia. Nectary three- 

 leaved ; root bundled ; leaves radical, from two to four, lan- 

 ceolate-linear, somewhat fleshy ; scape a span high ; spathe 

 umbelliferous, two-valved ; flowers erect, purple. It differs 

 from the first in being of smaller stature, and in having a 

 three-leaved nectary. Native of the Cape. This, and the 

 foregoing, may be increased by sowing the seeds, slipping 

 the branches, and offsets from the roots. 



Tulipa; (so called from the resemblance of the flower to 

 the eastern head-dress named Tulipan or Turban,) a genus 

 of the class Hexandria, order Monogynia. GENERIC CHA- 

 RACTER. Calix: none. Corolla: bell-shaped; petals six, 

 ovate-oblong, concave, erect. Stamina: filamenta six, awl- 

 shaped, very short; antheree quadrangular, oblong, erect, 

 distant. Pistil: germen large, oblong, from three-cornered 

 round; style none; stigma three-lobed, triangular; angles pro- 

 tuberant, bifid, permanent. Pericarp : capsule three-sided, 

 three-celled, three-valved ; valves ciliate at the edge, ovate. 

 Seeds: numerous, flat, incumbent in a double row, semicircu- 

 lar, separated by scales of the same shape. ESSENTIAL CHA- 

 RACTER. Corolla : six-petalled, bell-shaped. Style : none. 

 Capsule: three-celled. Seeds: flat. The species are, 



1. Tulipa Sylvestris; Wild or Yellow Tulip. Flower soli- 

 tary, nodding a little ; stigma obtuse, three-sided ; stamina 

 hairy at the base ; leaves lanceolate. Bulb ovate, gibbous ; 

 stem quite simple, nearly upright, round, smooth, leafy in 

 the middle, attenuated at the base. The circumstances 

 which abundantly distinguish this are, the narrow leaves, the 

 nodding flower, the hairiness at the base of the stamina, and 

 on the tips of the petals, and especially the simple obtuse 

 form of the stigma, which is totally different from that of the 

 Garden Tulip : the flower is yellow, and fragrant; the pollen 

 yellow, not black; and the anthera are remarkably long. 

 Linneus observes, that the flower does not begin to open till 

 about ten o'clock, whereas the Garden Tulip opens before 

 eight. It grows in a bed of good mould above the chalk, the 

 roots lying several inches below the surface, and flowers in 

 April. Native of the south of Europe, Germany, Switzer- 

 land; also of Siberia and Barbary. It has been found in chalk- 

 pits near Bury St. Edmund's and Norwich; and atWhiponade 

 on the borders of Hertfordshire and Bedfordshire. It was 

 formerly preserved in the English gardens, but, since so many 

 varieties of the third sort have been propagated, has fallen 

 into disuse, and is only found in old gardens. 



2. Tulipa Suaveolens ; Early Dwarf Tulip. Stem one- 

 flowered, pubescent ; flower erect ; petals obtuse, smooth ; 

 leaves ovate-lanceolate, downy above. The whole plant is of a 

 dwarf stature, and glaucous hue. Flowers broad bell-shaped, 

 sweet-scented ; petals scarlet edged with yellow. It flowers 

 in March or April. Native of the south of Europe. 



3. Tul'ipa Gesneriana ; Common Garden Tulip. Stem 

 one-flowered, smooth ; flower erect ; petals obtuse, smooth ; 

 leaves ovate-lanceolate. Before the fruit is fully ripe, the 

 vibrissse in this genus, and in that of Fritillaria, are glued 

 together into three thin membranes, which, being interposed 

 between the columns of seeds, make the unripe capsules six- 

 celled. No plant affords more varieties than the Tulip. 

 Sometimes, but rarely, it has two flowers; six petals is the 

 regular number, but it is not uncommon to find seven or 

 eight ; and the flowers are sometimes quite double. Some 

 of the varieties produce their flowers earlier than the others; 

 and the capsules are not very unfrequently four-sided and 

 four-celled. But the most remarkable variation in the Tulip 

 is in the colours of the petals, an almost infinite variety of 

 these having been produced by art. The old authors divided 

 Tulips into Prcecoces or early-blowers, and Serotin<e or late- 

 blowers, with an intermediate division of Dubice Media, 

 doubtful or middle-blowers, which flowered between the two 

 others, and for the most part rather belonged to the late- 

 blowers. Modern florists have almost neglected the early- 

 blowers. These are not nearly so fair, nor do they rise half 

 so high, as the late ones ; but they are chiefly valued for 

 appearing early in the spring; some of them will flower by 

 the middle of March in mild seasons, if planted in a warm 



