728 



V AL 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



V AL 



more unpleasant and acrid, and leaving a bitterness on the 

 tongue. The whole plant is shining, and about half a foot 

 high ; seed downy. Native of the mountains of Stiria, Aus- 

 tria, Silesia, Dauphiny, and Piedmont. 



13. Valeriana Elongata; Long -clustered Valerian. Flow- 

 ers three-stamined ; root-leaves ovate ; stem-leaves cordate, 

 sessile, gashed, and somewhat hastate. Root perennial, with 

 fewer fibrils, dirty white, having little taste or smell. It is a 

 shining upright plant, with a simple stem half a foot or a 

 span in height ; corolla small, dusky, regularly five-cleft. 

 Scopoli observes, that it differs from the ninth species by its 

 radical stem, panicled stalk, and leaves under the first ra- 

 cemes mostly trifid; from the eighth species, by its leaves 

 toothed all round, the stem-leaves ovate, the root-leaves 

 always longer than the petiole. Native of the mountains of 

 Lower Austria, flowering in July. 



14. Valeriana Pyrenaica; Pyrenean Valerian. Flowers 

 three-stamined; stem-leaves cordate, toothed, petioled, upper- 

 most ternate. Root perennial, fibrous, from which come out 

 many heart-shaped leaves, on petioles more than a foot in 

 length. The stalks rise three feet high, are hollow, channelled, 

 and send out opposite branches towards the top. Native of 

 the Pyrenees. It flowers in June, and ripens seed in August. 

 Sow the seeds on a shady border soon after they are ripe, 

 and when the plants come up, treat them as directed for the 

 first species. It delights in shade, and a moist soil. 



15. Valeriana Scandens; Climbing Valerian. Flowers 

 three-stamined; leaves ternate; stem scandent; seed-crown 

 feathered. Native of Spain. 



16. Valeriana Mixta. Flowers three-stamined ; stem qua- 

 drifid ; lower leaves bipinnatifid ; seed-crown feathered. 

 Found about Montpellier. 



17. Valeriana Supina. Flowers four-stamined; involucrets 

 six-leaved, three-flowered; leaves entire. Root perennial; 

 plant small, scarcely bigger than a Daisy, even when culti- 

 vated. Found in Italy and Carinthia. 



18. Valeriana Pauciflora. Radical leaves winged ; stem- 

 leaves ternate ; leaflets oval, acute, serrate ; panicles lax, 

 with few flowers; flowers white. Grows in shady woods on 

 the Allegany mountains, and flowers in June and July. 



** With a three-celled crowned Fruit. 



19. Valeriana Villosa; Hairy Valerian. Flowers four- 

 stamined, equal; lower leaves eared, upper toothed, villose; 

 root fibrous. The whole stem, leaves, and panicle, are densely 

 hirsute; corolla subrotate, yellow. It differs from Sibirica 

 by its eared leaves, and the hairiness of the whole plant. 

 Native of Japan, in Jedo, Nagasaki, &c. flowering in Sep- 

 tember. 



20. Valeriana Polystachia; Many-spiked Valerian. Flow- 

 ers three-stamined; leaves pinnate; spike compound, whorled. 

 Root perennial; stem ascending, roundish, striated, smooth ; 

 corolla white, scarcely gibbous at the base, with an equal 

 border shorter than the tube. Found in watery places near 

 Buenos Ayres. 



21. Valeriana Sibirica; Siberian Valerian. Flowers four- 

 stamined, equal; leaves pinnatifid; seeds fastened to an oval 

 chaff. Native of Siberia. 



22. Valeriana Ruthenica ; Russian Valerian. Flowers 

 four-stamined; leaves ovate, fleshy, pinnatifid, toothed; seeds 

 fastened to an oval chaff. Root perennial ; stems a foot 

 high, the upper part has two pairs of branches, which, with 

 the principal stem, are -terminated at top by the bright yellow 

 flowers; leaves pinnatifid. Native of Siberia. Sowtheseeds 

 of this, and the next species, where the plants are to remain, 

 either in autumn soon after they are ripe, or in the spring. 



When they appear, thin them where they are too close, and 

 keep them free from weeds. 



23. Valeriana Carnosa ; Fleshy Valerian. Flowers three- 

 stamined; leaves toothed, fleshy, glaucous. Root perennial, 

 tufted; stems a foot high, upright, round, smooth; corolla 

 purple. Found in the straits of Magellan. 



24. Valeriana Cornucopia ; Purple Valerian. Flowers 

 two-stamined, ringent; leaves ovate, sessile. Root annual; 

 stems pretty thick, channelled, of a purplish colour, eight or 

 nine inches high. From each side of the stem spring slen- 

 der branches, but the upper part divides into two spreading 

 branches like the others ; the joints are swelling, and these 

 branches divide again by pairs, and are terminated by clusters 

 of red flowers. When the flowers are past, the fruit stretches 

 out in the shape of a Cornucopia. It flowers here from May 

 to August. Native of Spain, Italy, Sicily, Armenia, and 

 Barbary. This, with the following, and the twenty- seventh 

 species, may be propagated by sowing their seeds in autumn, 

 where they are intended to remain. When they come up, 

 thin them, and keep them clean. The plants which rise in 

 autumn will live through the winter, and come early to flower 

 in the following summer, so as to produce good seeds ; 

 whereas those which rise in the spring do not ripen their 

 seeds, except the season prove warm. 



25. Valeriana Echinata. Flowers three-stamined, regular; 

 leaves toothed; fruit linear, three-toothed, outmost larger, re- 

 curved. Root annual; stem dichotomous. Native of Italy, 

 the south of France, and Barbary. 



26. Valeriana Olitoria ; Common Corn Salad, or Lamb's 

 Lettuce. Flowers three-stamined; stem dichotomous; leaves 

 lanceolate-linear, tongue-shaped, obtuse, entire, or the upper 

 ones toothed. There is one seed to each flower; the colour 

 of the flowers is a pale blue. Early in the spring, and even 

 during the winter, this little plant will furnish a tolerable 

 material for salads. Dr. Withering observes, that the tender 

 leaves are little inferior to young Lettuce; but having a 

 strong taste, which is not agreeable to many palates, it is 

 not so much in use as it was formerly. Gerarde, who says 

 it may be called, from the Dutch, White Potherb, informs us 

 that in his time it was used as a salad herb. The French call 

 it Salad de Pretre, from its being generally eaten in Lent. 

 As it is common in corn-fields, and appears about the time 

 when lambs are dropped, it has obtained in English the 

 names of Corn Salad and Lamb's Lettuce. There is a smaller 

 variety with jagged leaves. In order to cultivate this as a 

 salad herb, sow the seeds in autumn on the spot where they 

 are to remain. If sown at the end of August, the first rains 

 will bring up the plants, which should be hoed, to thin them 

 where too close, and to destroy the weeds. Early in the 

 spring, the plants will be fit for use ; and the younger they 

 are when used, the better tasted. The seeds will lie in the 

 ground many years, if they happen to be buried deep, and, if 

 turned up to the air, will come up as thick as if they had 

 been newly sown. 



27. Valeriana Dentata; Tooth-seeded Corn Salad. Flowers 

 three-stamined; stem dichotomous; leaves linear, tongue- 

 shaped, quite entire, or somewhat toothed; fruit ovate, acu- 

 minate, three-toothed, two of the teeth very short. This 

 differs from the preceding in having the stem higher, and 

 more divaricating. Found among corn in England, France, 

 Germany, and Italy. 



28. Valeriana Vesicaria ; Bladder-fruited Corn Salad. 

 Flowers three-stamined ; stem dichotomous; leaves lanceo- 

 late, toothed ; fruit inflated, globular. Native of Crete or 

 Candia, and of Barbary. 



29. Valeriana Coroiiata; Crowned Corn Salad. Flowers 



