754 



VIO 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



V 1 



asthma, ulcers, scabies, and cutaneous complaints ; but has 

 latterly been recommended by a German physician and others, 

 as a specific in the crusta lactea, or scald head, of children. 

 For this disease, a handful of the fresh herb, or half a 

 drachm of it dried, boiled two hours in half a pint of milk, 

 is to be taken night and morning. Bread, with this decoction, 

 is also to be formed into a poultice, and applied to the part. 

 By this treatment it has been observed, that the eruption 

 during the first eight days increases ; and that the urinje, 

 when the medicine succeeds, has a nauseous odour, similar 

 to that of cat's, which goes off as the use of the plant is 

 continued, and the scabs disappear, till the skin recovers 

 its natural purity. The leaves are a good application to 

 wounds, and are sometimes given to young children trou- 

 bled with griping pains, which they remove, and prevent 

 those fits which are too frequently occasioned thereby. 

 Native of Europe, Siberia, and Japan, in corn-fields and 

 gardens, flowering from May to September, and later in mild 

 seasons. Propagation, &c. The several sorts of Pansies 

 will scatter their seeds in a short time after the flowers are 

 past; and from these self-sown seeds, the plants which come 

 up in autumn will flower very early in the spring, and will be 

 succeeded by the spring plants : so that where they are in- 

 dulged in a garden,, and their seeds are permitted to scatter, 

 there will be a constant succession of their flowers during 

 the greatest part of the year; for they will flower all the 

 winter in mild seasons, and most part of the summer in 

 shady situations, which renders them worthy of a place in 

 every good garden ; but there they must not be allowed to 

 spread far, lest they become troublesome weeds, for the seeds 

 are cast out of their covers with great elasticity to a consider- 

 able distance, and they will, if permitted, soon occupy a large 

 space of ground. 



36. Viola Grandiflora; Great-Jlmuered Pansy Violet. Stem 

 three-sided, simple; leaves somewhat oblong; stipules pin- 

 natifid. Root creeping; flower three-coloured, principally 

 yellow. Native of Siberia, Switzerland. Silesia, &c. 



37. Viola Lutea; Yellow Mountain Pansy Violet. Stem 

 three-sided, simple; leaves ovate-oblong, crenate, ciliate. 

 Root perennial, small, slender; petals either all yellow with 

 dark purple radiating veins, or the two uppermost blue- 

 purple, and the rest yellow with a blue tinge, or sometimes 

 wholly purple. This species is found only in mountainous 

 pastures : it abounds in the north of England, Scotland, and 

 in a rotten peaty soil in the wildest parts of South Wales. 

 Found also near Latham in Lancashire; between Malham 

 and Settle; and about Halifax in Yorkshire; on the moor- 

 lands of Staffordshire, between Leek and Buxton ; in Scot-- 

 land, on Broughton heights in Tweeddale, and on Pentland 

 hills, two miles south of Fast Castle; at Crawford John, near 

 the head-hills in Lanerkshire ; and with a purple flower, on 

 Mallgyrdy in Breadalbane. It flowers from May to Septem- 

 ber. The Great Yellow Violet propagates by offsets in pretty 

 great plenty, if it has a moist soil and a shady situation; this 

 may be transplanted in autumn, and the offsets may then be 

 taken off; but the roots should not be divided into small 

 heads; nor should they be too often transplanted, because 

 they will not produce many flowers, unless the plants are 

 strong, and have good root in the ground. It requires a 

 moist soil, and shady situation. 



38. Viola Zoysii ; Dwarf Carinthian Pansy. Stem very 

 short, erect; leaves roundish, crenate; stipules quite entire; 

 peduncles three-sided. The flowers are yellow with a blue 

 spur. Native of the mountains of Carinthia. 



39. Viola Calcarata ; Alpine or Long-spurred Violet. 

 Stem abbreviated; leaves roundish-cordate, crenate; stipules 



roundish, toothed ; nectaries longer than the calix. The. 

 flower is large, with a slender spur from three to six lines in 

 length : it is sometimes white, and found with flowers smaller 

 by half than common, but having the same smell and colour: 

 they appear in May. Native of the European Alps. 



40. Viola Cornuta ; Pyrencean Violet. Stem elongated ; 

 leaves ovate, subcordate, ciliate at. the edge; stipules oblong, 

 pinnatifid ; nectaries awl-shaped, longer than the corolla. 

 This differs from the preceding in having a long erect stem y 

 and oblong petals, less than the leaves. It flowers in May. 

 Native of the Pyrenees. 



41. Viola Capensis; Cape Violet. Suffruticose: stem 

 erect; leaves obovate. Native of the Cape. 



42. Viola Arborescens; Shrubby Violet. Stem shrubby, 

 leaves lanceolate, quite entire. Native of Spain. 



**** Flowers erect, not inverted. 



43. Viola Stipularis; West Indian Violet. Stem simple, 

 creeping; leaves ovate, lanceolate, crenate, smooth; stipules 

 ciliate; peduncles solitary, terminating. Perennial. Native 

 of the island of St. Christopher in the West Indies. 



44. Viola Parviflora; Small-flowered Violet. Stems dif- 

 fused, weak, many-leaved; leaves ovate, petioled, serrate; 

 flowers axillary, solitary. Root perennial, cylindric, thick- 

 ness of a pigeon's quifl, flexuose, torulose, ash-coloured. 

 The flower is the smallest of all the Violets. Native of the 

 hottest regions of South America. 



45. Viola Enneasperma ; Nine-seeded Violet. Stem very 

 much branched at the base ; leaves lanceolate-linear, quite 

 entire, distant; calices equal behind. Root long, simple, per- 

 ennial ; peduncles axillary, capillary, solitary, one-flowered ; 

 flowers blue, soon falling off. Native of the East Indies. 



46. Viola Linariiblia ; Toadflax-leaved Violet. Sutt'ruti- 

 cose, branched; leaves linear-lanceolate, opposite, and alter- 

 nate, almost quite entire, smooth ; peduncles axillary, soli- 

 tary. Native of Santa Cruz in the West Indies. 



47. Viola Suffruticosa. Stem procumbent; leaves lanceo- 

 late, snbserrate, clustered; calices equal behind. Native of 

 the East Indies. 



48. Viola Calceolaria. Stem simple, hirsute, herbaceous ; 

 leaves lanceolate, hairy; flower solitary, of a white or blue 

 colour : the fifth petal is very large and rhomboid. Native 

 of Cumana, Cayenne, and Martinico. 



49. Viola Oppositifolia. Stem suffruticose, brachiate ; 

 leaves opposite ; flowers racemed. Shrubby. Native of 

 Cumana. 



50. Viola Hybanthus. Arborescent, scandent, prickly : 

 leaves oblong, obtuse, smooth ; flowers small, inodorous, 

 with whitish corollas scarcely to be examined with the naked 

 eye. Native of South America. 



51. Viola Ipecacuanha; Ipecacuanha Violet. Leaves oval, 

 hairy on the edge and beneath. Root fibrous, white, branch- 

 ed ; petals five, white. The root is reported to possess the 

 qualities of the true Ipecacuanha, though in a weaker degree. 

 Native of Brazil. 



52. Viola Diandra. Stem creeping, herbaceous; leaves 

 oblong ; peduncles one-flowered ; corolla white. Native of 

 Germany. 



53. Viola Bicolor. Plant subpubescent; stem angulated, 

 simple; lower leaves rotundate-spathulate, subdentate; upper 

 leaves lanceolate, entire; stipules pectinate-pinnatifid; calices 

 acute, as short again as the corolla ; flowers small, white, 

 with a few purple veins. It grows in Pennsylvania and 

 Virginia. 



Violet, Corn. See Campanula Hybrida. 



Violet, Damask, and Violet, Dame's. See Hesperis. 



Vioiet, Dog-tooth. See Erythronium. 



