832 



Z AM 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL"; 



Z A N 



sqnarrose, smooth, not downy nor hairy ; scales of the male 

 ones obovate-wedge-shaped, an inch long, with a short, 

 broad, sharp, ascending, polished point; their upper side 

 smooth and naked, under nearly covered with an uninter- 

 rupted heart-shaped assemblage of crowded oval anthers, the 

 size of Poppy-seed ; scales of the female catkins stalked, 

 gibbous, two-edged, and depressed, larger than the male ones, 

 each tipped with an erect, sword-shaped, pungent, smooth 

 point, an inch long, and, as the fruit ripens, extended to three 

 inches, the gibbous fleshy part of the scale being then also 

 much enlarged ; germens two, ovate, sessile, close together, 

 at the inner edge of this fleshy part of the scale, and directed 

 horizontally inward ; drupes roundish, gibbous, an inch or 

 an inch and half in diameter, orange-coloured, with a rather 

 thin pulp, and a large, ovate, hard nut, not bursting, the 

 kernel of which, after Keeping twenty-five years, remained as 

 horny, semitransparent, and hard, as the shell. These nuts 

 are about the size of small chestnuts, and the whole cone 

 filled with them is about the size of a man's head. They 

 were said -to be eaten roasted by the natives of New South 

 Wales, but did not agree with English stomachs. Native of 

 New South Wales. 



12. Zamia Longifolia; Tall-leaved Zamia. Leaflets nume- 

 rous, elliptic-lanceolate, pointless, entire, clothed with shaggy 

 down; scales of the male catkins wedge-shaped, with abrupt 

 quadrangular points. The crown of the root is scaly, smooth, 

 and a foot in diameter; leaves slightly spreading, from five 

 to seven feet high ; their stalks are quadrangular, without 

 spines; leaflets from forty to fifty or sixty pair, two-ranked, 

 three or four inches long, and one broad, coriaceous, striated 

 beneath, clothed with a cobweb-like down, easily rubbed off. 

 Native of southern Africa. 



13. Zamia Lanuginosa; Woolly-scaled Zamia. Leaflets 

 lanceolate, smooth, spinous-pointed, with a few unilateral 

 spinous teeth ; radical scales woolly. The root consists of 

 numerous very thick tap-shaped radicles, its crown being as 

 large as a man's head, and covered with imbricated deltoid 

 pointed scales two or three inches broad, all clothed with soft 

 dense hoary wool ; leaves a yard high, or more, dark green, 

 very smooth and shining, with unarmed, quadrangular stalks, 

 and from twenty-five to thirty pair of linear-lanceolate leaf- 

 lets. Native of southern Africa. 



14. Zamia Horrida; Gray Thorny Zamia. Leaflets lan- 

 ceolate, glaucous, acute, spinous-pointed, with a few unila- 

 teral, lanceolate, spinous teeth ; radical scales smooth. The 

 Ipaves and their stalks are all over finely glaucous, which 

 distinguishes the plant from the rest of its genus. The scaly 

 rrown of the root is as large as the preceding species, but 

 the scales are not woolly. This is distinguished by the 

 smooth crown of the root, and the glaucous colour of the 

 herbage. Native of southern Africa. 



15. Zamia Cycadis; Bread Tree Zamia. Leaflets lanceo- 

 late, spinous-pointed, smooth, entire, tapering at the base; 

 scales of the catkins abrupt, obtuse, pointless. The crown of 

 the root is large, round, and imbricated with scales; leaves 

 from a span to two feet long, of rather numerous and crowded 

 leaflets, each two and a half inches in length, and about a 

 quarter of an inch broad ; common stalks smooth ; catkins 

 stalked, ovate ; the male a span long, its scales somewhat tri- 

 angular, very obtuse, rugged, smooth, flat on the upper sides, 

 keeled underneath, and covered with anthers the &'a.e of Millet- 

 seed : female catkin larger than the male, nearly a foot long, 

 green, and smooth, its scales stalked, with a quadrangular, 

 peltate, thick termination, lodging a pair of ovate angular 

 drupes with a red pulp; nut in each the size of an acorn, not 

 very hard, with a white solid kernel. Thunberg informs us, that 



the older plants which have acquired a stem, are broken offer 

 cut down by the Caffres and Hottentots ; and the pith, which 

 is of considerable thickness, being tied up in the skin of a sheep 

 or calf, previously well rubbed with grease, is buried in the 

 ground. After remaining there a month or longer, it is taken 

 up in a putrifying state, and being bruised between two stones, 

 and moistened with water, forms a sort of paste, which is made 

 into little round cakes about an inch in thickness : these are 

 baked in wood-ashes, and are esteemed a great luxury. 

 Native of the north-cast part of southern Africa, growing on 

 the sides of hills on dry open spots, especially where the 

 ground has been cleared by burning. u 



Zannichellia ; a genus of the class Monoecia, order Monan- 

 dria. GENERIC CHARACTER. Male. Calix:none. Corolla: 

 none. Stamina: filamcntum one, simple, elongated, erect ; 

 anther ovate-oblong, erect. Female, close to the male. Ca- 

 lix: perianth of one leaf, inferior, hollow, swelling, oblique, 

 with two or three teeth. Corolla: none. Pistil: germina 

 from four to eight, stalked, oblong, converging; styles as 

 many, simple, rather spreading; stigmas ovate, peltate, flat, 

 spreading outwards. Pericarp : none. Seeds : as many us 

 the germina, naked, stalked, oblong, compressed, a little in- 

 curved, beaked with the permanent styles, tuberculated at 

 the back, with a simple coriaceous coat. ESSENTIAL CHA- 

 RACTER. Male. Calix : none. Corolla : none. Filamen- 

 tum : elongated, erect. Anther : oblong. Female. Calix : 

 of one leaf. Corolla : none. Germina : four or more. Stig- 

 mas: peltate. Seeds: stalked, naked. The species are, 



1. Zannichellia Palustris ; Marsh Horned- Pond-weed. An- 

 ther of four cells, tawny; stigmas entire. Root annual; 

 stem slender, floating, branched, round, leafy, and smooth, 

 with the habit of a Potamogeton; leaves linear, grassy, ses- 

 sile, narrow, acute, and entire, two or three inches long; 

 bractea membranous, tubular, axillary, including a pair of 

 gren flowers, one male, the other female ; seeds blackish 

 when ripe, rugged or toothed at the back. Native of ponds, 

 ditches, and rivulets, all over Europe, and said also to be 

 found near the sweet springs in Virginia. 



2. Zannichellia Dentata; Toothed Horned-Pondweed. An- 

 ther of two cells; stigmas toothed. This is rather smaller 

 than the preceding species, but differs most essentially in 

 having only two cells to the anther, and remarkably toothed 

 stigmas. The seeds also are tuberculated all over, not merely 

 toothed at the back or keel. Found with the first species, 

 in the neighbourhood of Florence, as well as in the mountain- 

 pools of the adjacent country. 



Zanonia; a genus of the class Dioecia, order Pentandria. 

 GENERIC CHARACTER. Male. Calix : perianth of three 

 ovate spreading leaves, shorter than the corolla. Corolla : 

 of one petal, in five deep, spreading, pointed, inflexed, equal 

 segments. Stamina: filamenta five, spreading-, the length of 

 the calix ; antherae simple. Female, on a separate plant. 

 Calix: perianth as in the male, seated on the germen, deci- 

 duous. Corolla: as in the male. Pistil: germen oblong- 

 club-shaped, inferior; styles three, spreading, conical, re- 

 flexed, permanent; stigmas divided, crisped. Pericarp- 

 berry large, elongated, abrupt, tapering at the base, encom- 

 passed near the. top with a crisped suture, of three cells. 

 Seeds : two in each cell, rounded-oblong, flat, in the centre 

 of a lanceolate scale or wing. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. 

 Male. Calix : of three leaves. Corolla : in five deep seg- 

 ments. Female. Calix: superior, of three leaves. Corolla: 

 in five deep segments. Styles : three. Berry : of three 



cells, with a lid. Seeds : winged, two in each cell. The 



only species known is, 



1. Zanonia Indica; Climbing Indian Cucumber. Leaves 



