ZIZ 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; ' 



X I Z 



4. Zinnia Elegans ; Purple- flowered Zinnia. Flowers 

 stalked ; leaves opposite, ovate-heart-shaped, sessile, clasping 

 the stem, harsh on both sides ; scales of the receptacle jagged 

 and fringed ; tubular florets with a hairy disk. The herbage 

 of this species is stouter, the leaves broader and harsher to 

 the touch, than in any other of the genus. The flowers, in a 

 cultivated state, at least are as large as in the preceding 

 species, with a conical, but rather obtuse disk ; the promi- 

 nent orange-coloured scales of the receptacle have many 

 finely-fringed segments ; the upper surface of the yellow 

 tubular florets is densely shaggy ; the radius consists of 

 numerous, spreading, obovate florets, of a deep lilac or light 

 purple colour, less harsh or scariose after flowering than in 

 the second species. It is a tender annual, flowering from 

 Midsummer to the end of autumn. Native of Mexico. 



5. Zinnia Tenuirlora ; Slender-flowered Zinnia. Flowers 

 stalked ; leaves opposite, ovate-lanceolate, pointed ; calix 

 cylindrical ; radiant florets linear, revolute. Leaves narrower, 

 and nearly as smooth, as in the preceding species ; the (lowers 

 are the smallest of their genus, and distinguished by their 

 bright red, narrow, revolute radiant florets, very rough at the 

 edges; the tubular florets are yellow, and roughish in the 

 disk. Native of Mexico. This is a very distinct species, but 

 requires the same treatment as the rest. They may all per- 

 haps succeed in favourable seasons, as hardy annuals, but 

 are better raised with artificial heat in the spring. 



Zizania; a genus of the class Monoecia, order Hexandria. 

 GENERIC CHARACTER. Male. Calix : none. Corolla : glume 

 of two lanceolate, membranous, ribbed, clasping valves, one 

 rather larger than the other, and most pointed ; nectary of 

 two ovate obtuse scales. Stamina : filamenta six, capillary, 

 very short, equal ; antherse pendulous, linear, notched at 

 each end, shorter than the corolla. Female, in the same 

 panicle, larger. Calix : none. Corolla: glume of two valves, 

 closed, except a vacancy at each side just above the base; 

 the outer valve largest, concave, long, straight, rigid, revolute 

 at the edges, embracing the inner at each side, and terminat- 

 ing in a long straight awn ; the inner narrower, lanceolate, 

 involute at the edges ; nectary of two acute scales. Stamina : 

 sometimes present, though minute and imperfect, with small 

 incomplete antherse. Pistil: germen superior, oblong; styles 

 two, spreading, capillary, short ; stigmas feathery, project- 

 ing between the ralves of the corolla. Seed: solitary, ob- 

 long, even, polished, naked, unconnected with the glumes. 

 ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Male. Calix : none. Corolla : of 

 two valves, the outer one pointed. Female. Calix : none. 

 Corolla: of two unequal closed valves, the outermost largest, 

 revolute at the edges, with a terminal awn. Styles: two, 

 divaricated. Seed: solitary, enclosed in the plaited corolla, 

 but unconnected with it. -The species are, 



1. Zizania Aquatica; Canadian Wild Rice, or Tuscarora. 

 Panicle pyramidal, compound, with numerous male flowers in 

 the lower part, spiked and female above. Root annual, con- 

 sisting of long stout hairy fibres; stems several, two or thre? 

 feet high, round, jointed, hollow, It afy ; leaves grassy, long, 

 narrow, smooth, with long, close, striated, smooth sheaths ; 

 stipula short, somewhat membranous, decurrent, entire ; pa- 

 uicle two feet or more in length, erect. It is common in all the 

 waters from Canada to Florida : flowering in July and August. 



2. Zizania Effusa ; Jamaica Wild Rice. Panicle loose, 

 much branched; male and female flowers interspersed. The 

 stems are as thick as the little finger, and appear to be several 

 feet high; leaves longer and broader than in the preceding 

 species, with a strong midrib; panicle large, with numerous, 

 whorled, repeatedly compound branches. Sloane calls this the 

 Trumpet Reed. It is common in alj the lagoons of Jamaica. 



3. Zizania Miliacea; Millet-seeded Wild Rice. Panicle 

 loose, much branched ; male and female flowers interspersed ; 

 glumes with short awns; seed ovate, smooth. Stem thick ; 

 permanent corolla tumid, and, like the setd, somewhat ovate, 

 with very short awns : perennial, flowering in July and August. 

 Found in the inundated meadows and ditches of Pennsyl- 

 vania and Carolina. Perennial. 



4. Zizania Fluitans; Floating Wild Rice. Spikes solitary, 

 axillary, about four-flowered, the upper ones male; glumes 

 beardless. It is of a humble stature, with slender branched 

 floating stems; leaves floating, linear, flat; spikes bristle- 

 shaped, the lower ones female. All the glumes are destitute 

 of awns. Perennial. Found upon the banks of lakes Cham- 

 plain and St. Lawrence, flowering in July. Perennial. 



5. Zizania Terrestris ; Land Wild Rice. Panicle nearly 

 simple. Stems round, leafy, jointed ; leaves long, narrow, 

 green, rigid, sharply pointed ; flower-stalks slender, from the 

 sheaths of the leaves; glumes leafy, bearing round, blackish, 

 glassy buds, which, when bruised with the juice of Beetle- 

 nut, and applied to the tongue, are supposed to cure the 

 thrush to which children are subject. Found in sundy 

 ground upon the coast of Malabar. 



Ziziphora ; a genus of the class Diandria, order Mono- 

 gynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth inferior, 

 of one leaf, tubular, cylindrical, very long, striated, bristly, 

 with five minute marginal teeth, and bearded in the orifice. 

 Corolla: of one petal, ringent ; tube cylindrical, the length 

 of the calix ; border minute, its upper leaf ovate, flat, reflexed. 

 undivided, lower spreading, broadest, in three round equal 

 segments. Stamina: filamenta two, simple, spreading, about 

 the length of the corolla; antherse oblong, distant. Pistil: 

 germen superior, four-cleft ; style bristle-shaped, the length 

 of the corolla; stigma cloven-pointed, inflexed. Pericarp: 

 none, except the calix remaining unchanged, a little gibbous 

 at the base. Seeds: four, oblong, obtuse, gibbous at out- 

 side, angular at. the other, very much shorter than the calix. 

 ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Corolla: ringent, its upper lip 

 reflexed, flat, undivided. Calix: thread-shaped. Seeds: four. 

 The plants of this genus are slender, generally aromatic herbs, 

 or- diminutive shrubs, of humble growth, with the habit of 

 Thyme. The species are, 



1. Ziziphora Capitata ; Oval-leaved Ziziphora. Flowers 

 fasciculated, terminal ; leaves ovate, hardly an inch long, fur- 

 rowed with parallel veins. Root fibrous, branched, and zig- 

 zag; stem erect, three or four inches high, when cultivated 

 much taller, square, leafy, usually with two opposite spread- 

 ing branches, besides the central part, clothed all over with 

 fine, short, curved, hoary pubescence ; footstalks one-eighth 

 as long as the leaves ; bractes four at the top of each branch, 

 nearly sessile, like the leaves, but larger, more pointed and 

 fringed, somewhat heart-shaped at the base, about the length 

 of the flowers, which are numerous in each head ; calix half 

 an inch long, furrowed, bristly, a little wavy, with slender, 

 sharp, purple teeth ; corolla with a white downy zigzag tube, 

 and pale purplish border; stamina prominent, about as long 

 as the lower lip, with bluish antherse. It is a hardy annual, 

 flowering in July and August Native of Syria* Tauria, and 

 the isle of Cyprus. 



2. Ziziphora Hispanira; Spanish Ziziphora. Flowers axil- 

 lary; leaves obovate, pointed, many-ribbed. Root annual; 

 stems three or four inches high, cross-branched and bushy, 

 downy with minute recurved hairs; branches leafy; flowers 

 two or three together, sessile ; calix tapering upwards, strongly 

 furrowed, hispid, about the length of the leaves; corolla 

 externally downy. The dried leaves retain a powerful smell 

 of Pennyroyal. Native of Spain. 



