840 



Z YG 



OR, BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. 



Z YG 



minute; styles two, the length of the calix ; stigmas promi- 

 nent, feathery. Pericarp : none, except the permanent 

 glumes. Seed: solitary, linear, invested with the calix and 

 corolla. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix: of one valve, 

 single-flowered, compressed, cartilaginous. Corolla: of two 

 membranous valves within the calix. Stigmas: feathery. 



Seed: linear, invested with the glumes. The only known 



species is, 



1. Zoysia Pungens ; Sharp-pointed Zoysia. This is a small 

 perennial grass, with creeping roots ; stems alternate, ascend- 

 ing, slender, three or four inches long; leaves two-ranked, 

 spreading, involute, sharp-pointed, smooth, an inch or an inch 

 and a half long, with pale, furrowed, close sheaths, conceal- 

 ing the joints of the stem ; stipula of several spreading hairs ; 

 clusters terminal, solitary, quite simple, of ten or twelve, 

 nearly sessile, alternate, erect flowers, remarkable for their 

 smooth ivory-like glumes, about two lines in length, out of 

 which project the feathery stigmas. Found in sandy ground, 

 upon the coast of Malabar ; and near Port Jackson in New 

 South Wales. 



Zuccagnia; a genus of the class Deeandria, order Mono- 



gynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth inferior, 



of one leaf, coloured ; tube turbinate ; border in five deep, ob- 

 long, obtuse, permanent segments, the lower ones a little the 

 longest. Corolla: petals five, obovate, inserted into the 

 calix, the uppermost broadest, vaulted. Stamina: filamenta 

 ten, awl-shaped, ascending, hairy in their lower part, about 

 as long as the corolla ; antheree roundish, of two lobes, divid- 

 ed by a furrow. Pistil: gcrmen superior, roundish, com- 

 pressed ; style capillary, of the length and position of the 

 stamina, smooth ; stigma funnel-shaped. Pericarp : legume 

 ovate, oblique, compressed, hairy, of one cell and two valves. 

 Seed: solitary, ovate, compressed, attached by its stalk to the 

 summit of the legume. ESSENTIAL CHARACTER. Calix: 

 bell-shaped, its border in five permanent segments. Petals: 

 five, obovate, the upper one broadest, vaulted. Legume: of 



one cell, and two valves. Seed: solitary. The only known 



species is, 



1. Zuccagnia Punctata ; Dotted Zuccagnia. Leaves alter- 

 nate, abruptly pinnate, of numerous, alternate, sessile, ellip- 

 tical, entire^ glutinous leaflets, each one-third of an inch long, 

 marked on both sides with blackish resinous dots ; clusters 

 terminal, solitary, simple, of several rather small flowers ; 

 petals saffron-coloured, with darker veins; anthers deep 

 orange. Stem shrubby, about four or five feet high, with nume- 

 rous twisted glutinous branches. Native of Chili, found on 

 hills, bearing flowers, as well as seed, in January. 



Zwingcra; a genus of the class Deeandria, order Mono- 

 gynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth inferior, 

 small, in five deep, ovate, acute segments. Corolla : petals 

 five, oblong, obtuse, spreading. Stamina: filamenta ten, 

 capillary, dilated and hairy at the base, shorter than the 

 corolla; antherac ovate. Pistil: germen superior, seated on 

 a glandular receptacle, roundish, with five deep furrows ; 

 style longer than the stamina, thread-shaped, striated ; stigmas 

 five, simple. Pericarp: capsules five, coriaceous, ovate, 

 spreading, of one cell. Seeds: solitary, ovate. ESSENTIAL 

 CHARACTER. Calix: in five deep segments. Petals: five. 

 Filamenta: dilated and hairy at the lower part. Capsules: 

 five, coriaceous, seated on a fleshy receptacle. Seed : solitary. 

 The only known species is, 



1. Zwingera Amara; Bitter Zwingera. Leaves alternate, 

 stalked, either ternate or pinnate, of two or three pair, with 

 an odd one, of elliptic-lanceolate, pointed, emarginate, entire, 

 smooth leaflets, the largest of which is three and a half inches 

 long, and an inch or more in breadth ; flowers five or six 



together, in little axillary clusters; petals whitish, surround- 

 ed with a green disk ; fruit yellow, the inner rind green and 

 bitter. This shrub is not more than seven or eight feet high ; 

 the stem is three or four inches in diameter, with a soft white 

 wood. Native of Guiana, flowering and fruiting in June. 



Zygophyllum ; a genus of the class Deeandria, order Mo- 

 nogynia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Calix: perianth inferior, 

 of five ovate, obtuse, concave, erect leaves. Corolla : petals 

 five, dilated upwards, obtuse, emarginate, rather longer than 

 the calix ; nectary of ten converging', pointed leaves, or scales, 

 sometimes divided, embracing the germen, each of them 

 attached to one of the filaments, near its base. Stamina 

 filaments ten, awl-shaped, attached to the outside of the 

 nectary, shorter than the corolla ; anthers oblong, incumbent. 

 Pistil: germen superior, oblong, tapering at the base; style 

 awl-shaped, the length of the stamens ; stigma simple. Peri- 

 carp: capsule oblong, or roundish, with five angles and five 

 intermediate furrows, five cells and five valves ; the partitions 

 linear, from the middle of each valve. Seeds : several, round- 

 ish, kidney-shaped, inserted alternately, in two rows, into the 

 middle of the valves. Observe. Linneus notices, that the 

 seed-vessel differs in shape in the different species, and in 

 some the flowers are four-cleft and octandrous. ESSENTIAL 

 CHARACTER. Calix. of five leaves. Petals : five. Nectary: 

 of ten scales, embracing the germen, and bearing the stamina. 

 Capsule : of five cells, superior. The species are, 



1. Zygophyllum Simplex; Cylindrical-leaved Bean Caper. 

 Leaves simple, sessile, cylindrical. This is the most common 

 of all plants in the driest parts of the deserts of Arabia, where 

 it is known by the name of Garmal, and esteemed very good, 

 by the Arabs, for removing specks in the eyes, for which pur- 

 pose they apply the bruised leaves, mixed with water. The 

 root is simple, tapering, apparently annual ; stem prostrate, 

 repeatedly forked, round, smooth ; flowers yellow ; petals 

 round, with long claws. 



2. Zygophyllum Cordifolium ; Heart-leaved Bean Caper. 

 Leaves simple, sessile, opposite, roundish, somewhat heart 

 shaped. This is a green-house shrub, flowering in October. 

 Native of the Cape of Good Hope. 



3. Zygophyllum Fabago ; Common Bean Caper. Leaves 

 conjugate, stalked ; leaflets obovate ; calix smooth ; petals 

 entire; capsule oblong; stem herbaceous. The root is 

 tapering, fleshy, producing from its crown several spreading, 

 alternately branched, leafy, round, herbaceous smooth stems, 

 about two feet high. The flowers are yellow, on simple, axil- 

 lary stalks. This is a hardy herbaceous perennial, flowering 

 in autumn. Native of Syria, Persia, Barbary, &c. This is 

 propagated from seeds, which should be sown in the spring, 

 in pots filled with light sandy mould, or on a hot-bed. \Vhen 

 the plants have grown a few inches, remove them into sepa- 

 rate pots, plunging them into a hot-bed, admitting air so as 

 gradually to harden them to the open ground. They should 

 be protected for a winter or two, and then turned out into 

 borders or other parts, where the situation is warm, and the 

 soil dry and rubbishy, as they are of a succulent nature.- 

 The seventh, eighth, ninth, and eleventh species, are capable 

 of being increased by cuttings and seeds ; the cuttings should 

 be planted out in the spring or summer, in pots filled with 

 light sandy mould, and plunged in a hot-bed ; being occasion- 

 ally watered, they will quickly push forth roots, and shoot at 

 top; and when sown in the summer months, maybe planted, 

 or have the pots fixed in a shady place, where they require 

 often watering, to take root. In each method they must be 

 potted off separately towards autumn, in order to be moved 

 into the green-house or glass-case in the beginning of autumn. 

 The seeds should be sown in the spring in pots of light earth, 



