OR, BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. 



847 



Green, Red, and White Beet; Borecole, Borage; Cauliflower; 

 Early-purple and Late-purple Brocoli ; Drum-headed, Impe- 

 rial, Sea, Sugar-loaf, Scotch, and Turnip-rooted Cabbage; 

 Cardoon, Carrot, Capsicum, Cauliflower; Common and 

 Upright Celery; Chamomile, Chives, Chervil, Clary, Corian- 

 der, Corn-salad, Cress ; Cucumber, the short green, early, 

 long green, prickly, Dutch white, Roman, Turkey green, and 

 white sorts ; Dill ; Elecampane ; green curled, white, and 

 Batavian Endive ; Eschalot, Fennel, Garlic, Gourd, Horse- 

 radish, Hyssop, Indian Cress, Kale, Lavender, Leek ; Let- 

 tuce, the black coss, brown Dutch, early green cabbage, 

 imperial, Silesian, green coss, and white coss sorts ; Love apple ; 

 Annual Sweet, and Winter Perennial Sweet Marjoram ; Mari- 

 gold; Cautaleupe and Roman Melons; Pepper and Spear 

 Mint; Mushroom; Black and White Mustard; Portugal, 

 Spanish, Strasburgh, and Welsh Onion; Orach; Common, 

 curled, and broad-leaved Parsley; Parsnep; Pea, the Chad- 

 ton, golden, Reading hotspur, Spanish, green nonpareil, large 

 and dwarf marrowfat, rouncival, egg, and sugar sorts ; Pen- 

 nyroyal ; common and red Potatoe, as well as the common 

 red, common early, kidney, and American sorts ; the long- 

 topped, short-topped, salmon, and white and black Spanish 

 Radish ; Rape ; Rhubarb ; Rocambole ; Rosemary ; Rue ; 

 Saffron ; the common, red, broad-leafed, and narrow-leafed 

 Sage ; Salsafy ; summer and winter Savory ; Scorzonera ; 

 Skirret; common and French Sorrel; Spinach; Tansey; 

 Tarragon; Thyme; the early Dutch, oblong, green, red, yel- 

 low, and white-rooted French Turnip; Water Cress, and 

 Wormwood. 



All the perennial aromatics are easily raised, either by slips, 

 offsets, parting the roots, or by seed, and they may be plant- 

 ed in spring, summer, or autumn, in beds or borders, six to 

 twelve inches asunder ; but the annual and biennial kinds 

 must be raised every year or two, from seeds sown in spring, 

 in any compartment of common earth in the open ground, 

 except the very tender sorts, such as Basil, which must be 

 raised on hot-beds, to be transplanted out in May or June. 

 Most of the others generally remain where they are sown in 

 the natural ground, but they may be occasionally transplanted, 

 the Sweet Marjoram and Summer Savory, in June, &c. and 

 likewise the Angelica, as being of large growth, in summer. 

 As some of these only afford their useful parts at particular 

 seasons, as Mint, Balm, Pennyroyal, Tarragon, Sweet Mar- 

 ioram, &r. they should be cut and preserved at such times 

 for winter use, as about July and August; but autumn will 

 be equally suitable for Marigold, Chamomile, Lavender, Sage- 

 tops, Marjoram, and Hyssop, which often stand the winter. 

 Parsley generally supplies green leaves all the winter; Basil 

 and Dill only in summer. Chervil and Coriander principally 

 in summer and autumn, of the spring and summer sowings. 

 Anise and Angelica continue only in summer. 



The Fruit Garden. 



The following is a list of those Shrubs and Trees usually 

 planted in the Fruit Garden; for the cultivation of which, 

 reference is to be made under the proper heads in the body 

 of the work. Almond, the common, dwarf, Jordan, and 

 white-flowered sorts; Apple, the common codling, June- 

 eating, Margaret, Kentish, winter pearmain, scarlet summer, 

 golden pippin and russet, redstreak, Kentish pippin, nonpa- 

 reil, kitchen rennette, and quince sorts ; black, stoneless, and 

 white Barberry ; Cherry, the common black, red Kentish, 

 white-heart, red-heart, black-heart, Morello, Turkey, and 

 Portugal sorts; common red and white, white grape, and 

 blackcurrants; Damson; Fig; Gooseberry, the hairy red, 



VOL. n-136. 



smooth red damson, hairy green, smooth green, oval yellow, 

 great and early amber, and common white sorts ; various 

 kinds of Grape; German, Nottingham, and Italian Medlar; 

 Black Mulberry; Nectarine; Nut-tree; Peach; Summer 

 Pears, as the musk, green chisel, red muscadel, jargonelle, 

 Windsor, queen, orange, musk, and bergamotte sorts ; Autumn 

 Pears, as the autumn, Swiss, caraway, brown and white 

 buerre, green sugar, and swan-egg sorts ; Winter Pears, as the 

 St. Germain, Chaumontelle, Colmar, Holland's bergamotte, 

 Worcester black, and double-flowered sorts; Plums, as the 

 damask, damson, green and blue gage, Orleans, perdigron, 

 mogul, imperial, apricot, damascene, and bullace sorts; the 

 Apple, Pear, and Portugal Quince; the common red, white, 

 double-bearing, and Antwerp Raspberry ; the Alpine, Chili, 

 hautboy, and scarlet Strawberry ; and the thin-shelled, thick- 

 shelled, double, and common oval Walnut. 



Directions for the pruning of Fruit-trees will be found at 

 page 407 of this Volume. But the manner in which they 

 should be trained, we introduce at this place. Mr. Knight 

 has successfully adopted a method, in which a greater 

 surface of leaf is exposed to the light, than in any of the 

 ordinary modes, and which caused the growth of Peach-trees 

 to be such, that at two years old they were fifteen feet wide. 

 Beginning with plants a year old, he headed them down early 

 in spring, and trained only two shoots from each stem, in 

 opposite directions, and nearly horizontal, for they only rose 

 at an elevation of five degrees ; when he observed any differ- 

 ence in the vigour of the shoots, he depressed the strongest, 

 or gave a greater elevation to the weakest, by which the uni- 

 formity of their growth was maintained, and in one summer 

 they attained the length of four feet. The lateral shoots 

 were pinched off at the first or second leaf, and were in the 

 succeeding winter wholly destroyed. In the subsequent pro- 

 gress of this mode of training, the large space which would 

 be enclosed by a semicircle resting upon the extremities of 

 these nearly horizontal shoots, is gradually filled up by other 

 shoots, which proceed divergently from them, until these new 

 shoots attain an inclination of about thirty degrees, when, on 

 the side next the centre of the tree, shoots nearly horizontal 

 are trained from them. This mode of training has a neat 

 appearance, besides being conducive to the health of the 

 tree. 



In addition to what has been given under Vitis, p. 757 of 

 this Volume, on the cultivation of the GRAPE, the following, 

 as being pf considerable interest, is here introduced as the 

 invention of Mr. Marsh, of Barnstaple. " The invention 

 (says he) is a simple, cheap, and easy mode of raising Grapes, 

 of a quality superior in flavour and perfection to any I have 

 before met with." The building in which the Grape is pro- 

 duced is only four feet eight inches high in front, six feet and a 

 half wide, and eight feet high at the back. "The front and 

 end walls are built with brrck, two feet high from the ground, 

 and glazed in front two feet eight inches high, at each end, 

 and on the top, like a common green-house. It fronts due 

 south, to receive every advantage of the sun." At the end is 

 the door. Running lengthways, on each side, are two beds of 

 earth, two feet high, enclosed in a narrow brick wall, with a 

 passage between them. "The back wall is plastered with 

 mortar made of lime, smiths' cinders, and scales from the 

 anvil, in equal parts. Those Vines which are set at the end 

 of the Grapery are trained along the wall, and meet in the 

 centre : the Grapery is twenty-two feet long ; in which space, 

 and at the ends, no less than ten Vines of different sorts ara 

 introduced through the wood-work on the wall, which pro- 

 jects for that purpose. Before the building was erected, 

 I obtained all the information I could, from gentlemen of my 

 10 F 



