854 



THE UNIVERSAL HERBAL; 



Nursery. Continue to dig, and throw into ridges, the 

 ground designed for planting : transplant seedling trees and 

 shrubs, and propagate by cuttings. Preserve Cherry and 

 Plum stones for stocks, and plant the cuttings of Apples and 

 Pears. Hoe and destroy weeds and vermin every where. 

 Cuttings should always be planted in moist weather, to spare 

 frequent watering. 



TENTH MONTH. OCTOBER. 



Flower Garden and Shrubbery. Tulips, Hyacinths, and 

 other fine bulbous-rooted flowers, designed to blow during 

 the winter, in the hot-house or forcing frames, should now be 

 put into pots ; and the bulbous roots designed for the bor- 

 ders, which yet remain out of the ground, would be better 

 planted now than afterwards. Finish the planting of peren- 

 nials. Put the pots of Carnations into hot-beds, and Roses 

 into pots for forcing. Make cuttings of the best double 

 Chrysanthemums. Prune, transplant, and propagate by cut- 

 tings, all kinds of shrubs. Dress the soil for the winter. 



Kitchen Garden. Tie up Endive as it is wanted for blanch- 

 ing ; earth up Cardoons, and the last crop of Celery, in dry 

 weather. Weed the Onions, Carrots, and winter Spinach. 

 Plant out the early Cabbages, the last crop of Broccoli, and 

 the Cauliflowers intended to be covered with glasses. Let- 

 tuces may be obtained in winter by covering them with glasses. 

 Cut down the stalks of Asparagus, hoe the weeds, throw 

 some earth upon them out of the trench, and cover them 

 with rotten dung. Cut down Artichokes, and preserve them 

 from the frost by covering the roots with straw. Sow early 

 Peas and Beans on a south border; sow Cress, Mustard, and 

 Radishes, for small salading. Cut down the flowering stems 

 of aromatic and pot herbs ; hoe them, and spread fresh earth 

 upon the beds. Young Mint may be obtained in a month 

 by planting roots of it in a hot-bed. Throw vacant ground 

 into ridges, to be ready for any purpose. Finish the pi-ant- 

 ing of Mushroom spawn, and cover the beds with straw, as 

 Mushrooms grow the most rapidly without light. Jf the 

 Mushroom beds be not under a shed, the straw must be 

 renewed as often as it becomes wet. 



Fruit Garden. Gather all sorts of fruit as it ripens, as 

 soon as the morning dew is gone, if for immediate eating; 

 but not till the middle of the day, if to be preserved for some 

 time. Examine the Grapes in bags, as they sometimes become 

 mouldy. Prune and plant all kinds of fruit-trees. The soil 

 of places where fruit-trees are to be placed, should be dug up, 

 and left open for eome weeks before the planting is com- 

 menced. In wet situations, lay down a cart-load of earth, 

 and plant the tree on the top of a hillock formed with it. 



Green-house. Having had the whole interior well cleansed, 

 painted, or whitewashed, and put into complete repair for 

 winter, bring in the remainder of the plants, but let the sashes 

 be always open when the weather is fine. Prune shrubs, and 

 remove dead leaves as fast as they appear. Use butlittle water. 



Hot-house, If the weather be dry, and the evenings not 

 frosty, fires will scarcely be yet required ; but in case of damp 

 weather, or when the thermometer is below 55 degrees in the 

 morning, fires will be proper. Admit air during the greater 

 part of every fine day. Water very sparingly. 



Nursery. Plant all kinds of forest-trees, evergreens, and 

 shrubs. Sow Cherry and Plum stones, for stocks. 



ELEVENTH MONTH. NOVEMBER. 



Flower Garden and Shrubbery. Protect the seedling 

 bulbs in borders, by straw or a covering of tanners' bark. 



Bulbous roots may still be planted, but unless it be done 

 early in the month, they will be apt to come up weakly. 

 Finish the planting of flowering shrubs of all sorts, and use 

 fern, litter, or straw, to protect them from frost. Provide 

 the materials of composts for spring use, as marl, loam, sand, 

 bark, dung, &c. Roll grass walks. Several ti'mes in a week, 

 remove decayed leaves. 



Kitchen Garden. Tie and earth up Cardoons and Endive : 

 prick out Lettuces, to stand the winter in frames. In dry 

 weather, earth up Celery for blanching. Plant Beans and 

 Peas under a south wall. Earth up Broccoli and Cabbages. 

 Dig up Carrots, Parsneps, Beets, Horse-radish, &c. and lay 

 them in sand out of the reach of frost. Dig up Potatoes. 

 Cut down Artichokes, and cover them first with soil, and 

 upon that, litter, fern, or straw, to keep the frost from the 

 roots. Weed Spinach and spring Onions. 



Fruit Garden. Prune Gooseberries and Currants, and 

 make new plantations of them ; prune and nail up Plum, 

 Cherry, Peach, and other wall-fruits. Plant stone-fruits in 

 open weather; also Walnuts and Filberts. Gather the re- 

 maining fruits ; and protect from frost, the roots of Peaches, 

 Figs, and the delicate kinds of fruit-trees, by litter or 

 straw. 



Green-house. Fires will be occasionally required. Admit 

 air as often as the weather will permit, especially if there be 

 much fruit ripening. Clear away decayed leaves, and put 

 fresh earth on the tops of the pots. Water frequently the 

 dry woody plants, and others occasionally. Bring in Migno- 

 nette, China Roses, and other plants which might suffer from 

 the cold. 



Hot-house. Keep the bark beds from fermenting vio- 

 lently, by too much heat; yet fires will be necessary in 

 the evenings, to guard equally against cold and damp. 

 Prune Vines, and tie them up. Gentle waterings will be 

 required. 



Nursery. Haws must be gathered and sown in this month 

 at latest. Plant forest-trees and their seeds early in the 

 month. Shelter seedlings and all delicate plants from the 

 frost, by straw, fern, &c. In open weather, vacant ground 

 should be dug and prepared for the spring. 



TWELFTH MONTH. DECEMBER. 



Flower Garden and Shrubbery. Hyacinths, Tulips, Ane- 

 mones, Ranunculuses, and other valuable roots in open boi- 

 ders, should be coveted with a layer of bark two or three 

 inches deep: bark that has become useless for the hot-house 

 will answer for this purpose. In heavy rains or snow, a 

 covering of mats should be superadded. Auriculas and Car- 

 nations likewise require protection from heavy rains, and falls 

 of snow. The pots of all plants, which it is not thought 

 necessary to carry into the green-house, should be entirely 

 sunk into the earth, as frost will then have the least effect on 

 them. Shrubs in general should be protected by straw, &c. 

 and the more delicate kinds covered with mats, laid over 

 arches formed by hoops. Standing water must be carried off 

 by trenches and drains. 



Kitchen Garden. Occasionally take up the straw from 

 Mushroom beds, to prevent mouldiness, and gather the 

 Mushrooms which are ready. Sow Peas and Beans. Earth 

 up Celery and Cardoons. Cover Endive and Parsley with 

 straw. Earth up Broccoli, Borecole, and Cabbages, and pick 

 off their decayed leaves. Cauliflowers and Lettuces under 

 glasses should be weeded, and have fresh air in fine weather. 

 Finish the taking up of Carrots, Parsley, &c. Give air to 

 the Asparagus under frames. 



