CRYPTOGAMIA. 



(51) 



CRYPTOGAMIA. 



TETRAPHIS, Four-toothed Moss Capsule oblong; fringe 

 simple, of four pyramidal, erect, unconnected teeth. 



ENCALYPTA, Extinguisher Moss Capsule cylindrical; fringe 

 of sixteen linear, upright teeth ; veil bell-shaped, in- 

 flated, lax. 



GEIMMIA Capsule ovate ; fringe simple, of sixteen teeth, 

 broadest at their base ; flowers terminal ; veil cylin- 

 drical. 



DICRANUM, Fork Moss Capsule oblong; fringe of sixteen 

 flat cloven teeth, a little inflexed. 



TEICHOSTOMUM, Fringe Moss Capsule oblong; fringe of 

 thirty-two capillary, straitish teeth, approximated, or 

 united in pairs. 



TORTULA, Screw Moss Capsule oblong; fringe simple, of 

 numerous capillary teeth, spirally and repeatedly twisted 

 together. 



OBTHOTRICHUM, Bristle Moss Capsule oblong, terminal ; 

 outer fringe of sixteen teeth, inner of eight or sixteen 

 thread-shaped teeth, sometimes wanting; veil angular, 

 mostly clothed with erect hairs. 



PTEROGONIUM, Wing Moss Capsule oblong, from a lateral 

 scaly sheath ; fringe simple, of sixteen linear upright 

 teeth ; veil generally hairy. 



NECKERA Capsule oblong; peristome double ; outer with 

 sixteen sharp teeth ; inner with sixteen distinct cilias, 

 alternate with teeth of the outer. Males geminaceous, on 

 distinct plants. 



HYPNUM, Feather Moss Peduncle from a lateral tubercle, 

 fenced with scales ; capsule, outer fringed with sixteen 

 teeth. Male a bud, generally on a different plant, 

 withering. 



HOOKEEIA Capsule ovate, with dot-like reticulations, from 

 a lateral scaly sheath ; outer fringe of sixteen teeth, 

 inner of a sixteen-toothed membrane; veil reticulated and 

 cellular, undivided. 



FONTINALIS, Water Moss Capsule oblong, lateral, enclosed 

 in a scaly sheath ; outer fringe of sixteen teeth, dilated at 

 the base, inner reticulated. 



FUNARIA, Cord Moss Veil angular ; fringe double, with 

 oblique or twisted teeth ; lid very slightly prominent. 



BARTRAMIA Capsule spherical, at length furrowed ; outer 

 fringe of sixteen tapering teeth, inner a plaited base. 



MNIUM, Spring Moss Capsule with a lid ; calyptre smooth ; 

 bristle from a terminating tubercle. Male flowers headed, 

 or discoid. Or, according to Withering, capsule with a 

 veil ; fringe with sixteen teeth ; sometimes, though rarely, 

 with four. Male, bud circular, rarely knob-like, mostly 

 on a separate plant. 



BRYUM, Thread Moss Capsule ovate-oblong; peristeum 

 double, outer with sixteen broadish sharp teeth, inner 

 rnembranaceous, plaited and keeled, jagged, jags broadish, 

 capillary, alternate. Males capitate, or discoid, or gem- 

 maceous, on the same or a different plant. 



POLYTRICHUM, Hair Moss Outer fringe of thirty-two or 

 sixty-four short, flat, incurred teeth, inner a flat, trans- 

 verse, orbicular, undivided membrane; veil generally 

 double, the outer hairy. 



LESKIA Capsule oblong ; peristome double, the exterior 

 with sixteen teeth, acute ; the interior membranaceous, 

 divided into equal segments. Males gemmaceous in 

 different individuals. 



LYCOPODIUM, Club Moss Fructifications in the axils of the 

 scales, digested into long imbricate spikes, or of the leaves 

 themselves, sessile ; capsule kidney-shaped, two-valved, 

 elastic, many-seeded ; veil none. 



MEESIA This differs from Bryum solely in the shortness 



and bluntness of the teeth of its external fringe, which is 

 not half so long as the inner one. 



SPLACHNUM, Gland Moss Capsule cylindrical, placed on a 

 fleshy receptacle ; fringe simple, of sixteen teeth, stand- 

 ing in pairs. 



TIMMJA Capsule ovate ; outer fringe of sixteen pointed 

 teeth ; inner membranaceous, with jointed teeth combined 

 at the top. Male flowers on the same plant, axillary, 

 stalked, bud-shaped. 



3. HEPATIC^, OR LIVERWORTS. 

 (Small Herbaceous Plants resembling Mosses.) 



MARCHANTIA Male: calix salver-shaped; anthers nume- 

 rous, annulated, imbedded in its disk. Female : calix 

 peltate, flowering on the upper side ; capsules deflexed, 

 opening at the top ; seeds fixed to elastic fibres. 



RICCIA Warts scattered. Female : germen globose, sunk, 

 with the style in the frond ; capsule exposed, globose, 

 crowned with the style, of one cell; seeds numerous, 

 elliptical. 



TARGIONIA Capsule globose, of two concave valves, and 

 one cell ; seeds numerous, combined by fibres, into a 

 globe. 



ANTHOCEROS, Horn Liverwort Male: calix sessile, cylin- 

 dric, entire ; anther very long, subulate, two-valved. 

 Female: calix in six divisions, containing three seeds. 



4. ALGJE (LICHENS AND SEA WEEDS.) 



(Plants which scarcely admit of a distinction of root, stem, and 

 leaf; much less of a description of the parts of the flowers.) 



JUNGERMANNIA, Star-tip Male : anthers aggregate rn 

 powdery heads. Female : capsule of four valves, on a 

 stalk rising from a tubular calix ; seeds attached to elastic 

 filaments. 



LICHEN, Liverwort Male: scattered powdery warts. Fe- 

 male : shields or tubercles, in whose disks the seeds are 

 lodged, (corrected.) 



Fucus, Sea-weed, or Wrack Seeds produced in clustered 

 tubercles, which burst at their summits. 



ULVA, Laver Frond membranaceous or gelatinous ; seeds 

 solitary, scattered throughout its substance under the 

 cuticle. 



BLASIA Essential Character not described. 



CONFERVA, River-weed Unequal tubercles, in a very long 

 capillary filament. 



BYSSUS Fibres simple, uniform, like fine down ; fructifi- 

 cations unknown. 



ENDOCARPON Receptacles immersed, globose, concave, in 

 which the seeds are imbedded. 



RIVULARIA Frond gelatinous, firm, destitute of an external 

 cuticle ; fructification among jointed filaments, lodged in 

 the substance of the frond. 



SpiijEROCARPUs, Bladder-grain Calix inferior, of one leaf, 

 inflated, entire; seeds very numerous, collected into a 

 globe at the bottom of the calix. 



VAUCIIERIA Anther solitary, awl-shaped, incurved; cap- 

 sules adjoining to the anther, ovate, single-seeded, in 

 pairs or solitary. 



5. FUNGI (MUSHROOMS AND FUNGUSES.) 



(Consisting of Plants of a cork-like texture, and of short 

 duration, bearing their seeds either in gills or tubes, or 

 attached to fibres, or to a spungy substance.) 



AGARICUS, Common Mushroom Pileus or cap with gills 

 underneath ; gills differing in substance from the rest of 

 the plant, composed of two laminas ; seedr in the gills. 



