LINNEUS'S NATURAL 



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ORDERS OF PLANTS. 



LINNEUS'S NATURAL ORDERS OF PLANTS* 



Having in the BOTANICAL DICTIONARY followed Linneus's 

 Artificial Arrangement, we shall here present to the public 

 his Natural Orders of Plants, collected from a posthumous 

 publication, compiled from his private courses of Lectures 

 by two of his pupils, and given to the public by one of them, 

 Giseke, at Hamburg, in 1792, under the title of Caroli a 

 Linne Preelections in Ordines Naturales Plantarum. A 

 natural arrangement of the species, genera, orders, and 

 classes, free from heterogeneous combinations, and disturbing 

 no real affinities, is the point of perfection which every 

 botanist should labour to approach. The great plan of 

 natural affinities, sublime and extensive, requires the concert 

 of every lover of the science, and the exploring of every 

 country towards its completion. That this system, says 

 Linneus, is no chimera, will satisfactorily appear from hence, 

 that all plants, of what order soever, shew an affinity to 

 others ; and hence, if this affinity, or the links of this natural 

 chain, could be once made out and connected, not only the 

 virtues of a great number of species may be ascertained, but 

 we may know with certainty how to find a proper succc- 

 daneum for plants which cannot easily be had. 



The following are the Orders, fifty-eight in number, with 

 the Genera of each, as left by Linneus, together with such 

 additions as have been made by other Botanists since 

 his time. 



1. PALMJE. 



These are mostly of the shrub and tree kind, and include 

 the following genera: 1. With pinnate leaves: Calamus, 

 Phoenix, Arica, Elate,' Cocos, Elais, Caryota, Nipa, Geo- 

 noma, and Seafortia. 2. With palmate, or fan- shaped leaves: 

 Corypha, Licuala, Latania, Borassus, Chameerops, Thrinax, 

 Rhapis, and Livistonia. 



2. PIPERITJE. 



These plants are of the pepper kind, and consist of the 

 following genera: Ambrosinia, Arum, Calla, Dracontium, 

 Pothos, Zostera, Acorus, Orontium, Piper, and Saururus. 

 3. CALAMARI;E. 



From calamus, a reed, grass-leaved plants, having gene- 

 rally the same kind of leaves as the Grasses, but without a 

 two-valved glume. The genera are, Cyperus, Eriophorum, 

 Schoenus, Scirpus, Carex, Sparganium, Typha, Seleria, 

 Restio, Gahnia, Kyllingia, and Fuirena. 

 4 GRAMINA. 



True Grasses; as, Agrostis, Aira, Alopecuris, Anthox- 

 anthum, Aristida, Arundo, Avena, Bobartia, Briza, Bromus, 

 Cinna, Cornucopia, Cynosurus, Dactylis, Elymus, Festuca, 

 Hordeum, Lagurus, Lolium, Lygeum, Melica, Milium, Nar- 

 dus, Oryza, Panicum, Paspalum, Phalaris, Phleum, Poa, 

 Saccharum, Secale, Stipa, Triticum, Uniola, Coix, Olyra, 

 Pharus, Tripsacum, Zea, Zizania, TEgilops, Andropogon, 

 Apluda, Cenchrus, Holcus, and Ischsemum. 

 5. TRIPETALOIDE*. 



From tres, three, and petalum, a petal ; plants having no 

 very striking characters, and nearly allied to the Grasses. 

 The genera are, Juncus, Aphylanthus, Triglochin, Scheuch- 

 zeria, Elegia, Flagellaria, Calamus, Butomus, Alisma, and 

 Sagiltaria. 



6. ENSATJE. 



From ensis, a sword, alluding to their sword-shaped leaves ; 

 as Antholyza, Callisia, Commelina, Crocus, Eriocaulon, 

 Ferraria, Gladiolus, Iris, Ixia, Moraea, Pontederia, Sisyrin- 

 chium, Tradescantia, Wachendorfia, and Xyris. 

 7. DBCHIDBC. 



The Orchis tribe. Consisting of the following genera : 

 Orchis, Satyrium, Ophrys, Serapis, Limodorum, Arethusa, 

 Cypripedium, Epidendrum, Therbymitra, Disa, Bipinnula, 

 Vanilla, Pogonia, Pterigodium, Disperis, Corycium, Neottia, 

 Cranichis, Epipactis, Melaxis, Cymbidium, Oncidium, Aeri- 

 des, Dendrobrium, Stelis, Lepanthes, Diuris, Bonatea, Hebe- 

 naria, Anguloa, Gongora, Masdevallia ; and the following 

 found in New Holland : Epiblema, Orthoceras, Cryptostylis, 

 Prasophyllum, Genoplesium, Calochilus, Microtis, Acianthus, 

 Cyrtostylis, Chiloglottis, Eriochilus, Caladenia, Lyperanthus, 

 Glossodia, Pterostylis, Corysanthes, Calanea, Gastrodia, 

 Dipodium, and Saracochilus. 



8. SCITAMINE.E. 



From scitamentum, a dainty. The genera of this order 

 are, Alpinia, Amomum, Canna, Costus, Curcuma, KEemp- 

 feria, Maranta, Musa, and Thalia. 



9. SPATHACEJE. 



So called from their flowers protruding from a spathe or 

 sheath, and are nearly allied in habit and structure to the 

 liliaceous plants, from which they are chiefly distinguished 

 by their spathe. The genera are, Allium, Amaryllis, Bulbo- 

 codium, Colchicum, Crinum, Galanthus, Gethyllis, Hseman- 

 thus, Leucoium, Narcissus, and Pancratium. 



10. CORONARIJE. 



Liliaceous plants. A coronary flower implies a beautiful 

 one. The genera included in this order are, Albuca, Cya- 

 nella, Fritillaria, Helonius, Hyacinthus, Hypoxis, Lilium, 

 Melanthium, Ornithogalum, Scilla, Tulipa, Agave, Aletris, 

 Aloe, Anthericum, Asphodelus, Bromelia, Burmannia, Henie- 

 rocallis, Polyanthes, Tillandsia, Voratrum, and Yucca. 



11. SARMENTAS^E, 



From sarmentum, a long shoot; the name alludes to the 

 long twining, or trailing stems, prevalent in this order. In 

 this order are the following genera: Alstromceria, Aristo- 

 lochia, Asarum, Asparagus, Centella, Cissampelos, Con- 

 vallaria, Cytinus, Dioscorea, Erythronium, Gloriosa, Me- 

 deola, Menispermum, Paris, Rajania, Smilax, Tamus, Tril- 

 lium, and Uvularia. 



12. HOLERACEJE. 



From holus, pot-herbs. This order consists of plants which 

 enter into the economy of domestic affairs. The genera are, 

 Anabasia, Anacardium, Atraphaxis, Basella, Beta, Blitum, 

 Bucida, Calligonum, Callitriche, Camphorosma, Chenopo- 

 dium, Coccoloba, Corispermum. 



13. SUCCULENT*. 



From succus, juice; succulent plants. The genera are, 

 Aizoon, Cactus, Galenia, Mesembryanthemum, Neurada, 

 Reaumuria, Tatnarix, Tetragonia, Cotyledon, Crassalu, Pen- 

 thorum, Rhodiola, Sedum, Sempervivum, Septas, Suriana, 

 Tillea, Claytonia, Nama, Portulaca, Sesevium, Triauthema, 

 Adoxa, Chrysoplenium, Hydrangea, Mitella, Saxifraga, and 

 Tiarella. 



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