LINNEUS'S NATURAL 



(54) 



ORDERS OF PLANT!*. 



14. GRUINALES. 



From grus or gruis, a crane. The Geranium tribe. In 

 this order are reckoned the following genera : Aldrovanda, 

 Averrhoa, Drosera, Fagonia, Geranium, Guaiacum, Linum, 

 Oxalis, Quassia, Tribulus, and Zygophyllum. 



15. IHUNDAT.S:. 



The plants of this order are aquatic. It consists of the 

 following genera: Zannichellia, Ruppia, Potamogeton, My- 

 riophyllum, Ceratophyllum, Proserpinaca, Elatine, Hippurus, 

 Chara, Nais, Aponogeton, Saururus, Serpicula, Callitriche, 

 Lemna, and Pistia. 



16. CALYCIFLOR.K. 



From calyx the flower-cup, and Jlos, the flower: such 

 plants as have the stamens inserted into the calix. In this 

 order are the following genera : Osyris, Trophis, Hippophae, 

 and Eloeagnus. 



17. CALYCANTHEMJE. 



Consisting of plants, which, among other characters, have 

 the corolla and stamens inserted into the calix. In this 

 order are the following genera: Epiiobium, Onothera, Jus- 

 sieua, Ludwigia, Isnardia, Ammannia, Peplis, Lythrum, 

 Glaux, Rexia, Gaura, Grislea, Mentzelia, Loosa, Frankenia, 

 Melastoma, Osbeckia. 



18. BICORNES. 



Plants whose anthers have the appearance' of two horns, 

 their pollen being discharged by two pores, or sometimes 

 two tubes. In this order are the following genera : Erica, 

 Vaccinium. Blaeria, Azalea, Myrsine, Andromeda, Arbutus, 

 Clethra, Epigea, Gaultheria, Kalmia, Ledum, Pyrola, Rho- 

 dodendrum, Rhodora, Royena, Garciuia, Halesia, Styrax, 

 Citrus, and Diospyrus. 



19. HESPERIDJEA. 



The Myrtle tribe; including the following genera: Caryo- 

 phyllus, Eugenia, Myrtus, Philadelphus, and Psidium. 

 20. ROTACE^E. 



From rota, a wheel : consisting of plants with one wheel- 

 shaped petal without a tube. The genera are, Anagallis, 

 Centunculus, Chironia, Exacum, Gentiana, I.ysimachia, 

 Phlox, Sarothra, Swertia, Trientalis, Ascyrum, Cistus, and 

 Hypericum. 



21. PHECI*. 



From precius, early. In this order are the following 

 genera: Primula, Androsace, Aretia, Cortusa, Cyclamen, 

 Diapensia, Dodecatheon, Suldanella, Limosella, Hottonia, 

 Menyanthes, and Samolus. 



22. CARYOPHYLLEI. 



Linneus gives this order the following character : Root 

 fibrous; stem herbaceous, seldom shrubby, jointed ; branches 

 generally alternate ; leaves simple, almost always inclining to 

 lanceolate, undivided, sessile, or narrowing into a petiole, 

 opposite, obvulate, most commonly smooth ; flower nearly 

 sessile ; stamens either equal or double the number of the 

 petals; pistils from one to five; fruit a capsule, one-celled, 

 or with as many cells as there are styles. Mostly natives of 

 Europe. The genera are divided into four sections by Gisekc, 

 1. Dianthus, Saponaria, Gypsophila, Velezia, Drypis, Silene, 

 Cucubalus, Lychnis, Agrostemna, and Shefteldia. 2. Sper- 

 gula, Cerastium, Arenaria, Stellaria, Alsine, Holosteum, 

 Cherleria, Sagina, Moehringia, and Buffbnia. 3. Pharna- 

 ceum, Glinus, Mollugo, Polycarpon, Minuartia, Queria, 

 Ortega, Lreflingia, and Rotala. 4. Scleranthus, and Poly- 

 premum. 



23. TIUIIILAT*. 



From trcs, three, and hilum, an external mark on the seed ; 

 consisting of plants with three seeds, which are marked dis- 

 tinctly with an external cicatrix or scar, where they were 



fastened within to the fruit. In this order the following 

 genera are enumerated : Melia, Trichilia, Acer, jEsuclus, 

 Banisteria, Malpighia, Triopteris, Cardiospermum, Paullinia, 

 Sapindus, Staphylsea, and Tropselum. 



24. CORYDALES. 



This order consists of plants which have irregular flowers, 

 somewhat resembling (as the name implies) an helmet or 

 hood: they are mostly herbaceous, and perennial; as, 

 Epimedium, Hypecoum, Leontice, Melianthus, Pinguicula, 

 Ltricularia, Fumaria, Impatiens, and Monniera. 



25. PuTAMINEvE. 



From putamen, a shell ; plants whose fle.shy seed-vessel or 

 fruit is frequently coveted with a hard woody shell. In this 

 order are the following genera: Capparis, Cleome, Crataava, 

 Crescentia, Marcgravia, and Morisonia. 

 26. MULTISILIQU.S;. 



From multus many, and siliqua, a pod ; so termed because 

 the fruit consists of several aggregate seed-vessels, which 

 have the appearance of pods. This order includes the 

 following genera: 1. Pseonia, Aquilegia, Aconitum, Del- 

 phinium, Cimicifuga, and Actsea. '2. Dictamnus, Hutu, and 

 Peganum. 3. Nigella, Garidella, Isopyrum, Trollius, HeUe- 

 borus, Caltha, Ranunculus, Myosurus, and Adonis. 4. Ane- 

 mone, Atragene, Clematis, and Thalictrum. 

 27. RHOSADEJE. 



The Poppy tribe. The order includes the following- 

 genera : Argemone, Bocconia, Chelidonium, Papaver, Podo- 

 phyllum, and Sanguinaiia. 



28. LuRiDi. 



From luridus, pale, livid, or ghastly, alluding to the livid 

 and blueish aspect frequent in the tribe of plants thus deno- 

 minated. Most of them are herbaceous or perennial. The 

 gen-era are, Digitalis, .Nicotiana, Atropa, Hyoscyamus, 

 Datura, Physalis, Capsicum, Solanum, Verbascum, Celisia, 

 Lycium, Ccstrum, Triguera, Witheringia. 

 29. CAMPANACE.E. 



From campana, a bell: plants with bell-shaped flowers.- - 

 In this order are the following genera: Evolvulus, Convol- 

 vulus, Ipomcea, Retzia, Falckia, Polemonium, Campanula, 

 Canarina, Rolla, Phyteuma, Trachelium, Jasione, Lobelia, 

 Viola, and Parnassia. 



30. CONTOUT/E. 



So named from the form of the corolla, which is twisted in 

 a direction contrary to the sun : its border when open re- 

 sembles a wheel, each segment having generally equal sides, 

 with a shorter side placed under the longer side of the pre- 

 ceding one. The order consists of trees, shrubs, and suc- 

 culent plants; and includes the following genera: 1. Peri- 

 carp a follicle: Tabernamontana, Cameraria, Plumeriu, 

 Eehites, Nerium, Ctropegia, Vinca, Apocynum, Asclepias, 

 Cyuanchum, Periploca, Pergularia, Stapelia, Embothrium, 

 Rhopula, Plectronia, and Allamanda. 2. Pericarp a capsule: 

 Macrocnemum, Manettia, Cinchona, Portlandia, llondeletia, 

 Hillia, and Genipa. 3. Pericarp a berry : Gardenia, Mus- 

 saanda, llandia, Fagreea, Carissa, Pcederia, Arduina, Lycium, 

 Cestium, Gynopogon, Willughbei, and Melodinus. 4! Peri- 

 carp a drupe: llauwoifia, and Cerbera. 



31. VEPRECULX. 



From vepres, a briar or bramble, because the plants which 

 compose this order are pliant shrubs of humble growth; but 

 which, however, do not constitute a true natural assemblage. 

 The order includes the following genera : Dais, Quisqualis, 

 Dirca, Daphne, Gnidia, Lachncea, Passerina, Stellare, The- 

 sium, Struthiola, Santalum, and Scleranthus. 

 32. PAPILIONACEA 



Plants that have papilionaceous flowers, that is, somewhat 



