LINNEUS'S NATURAL 



(56) 



ORDERS OF PLANTS. 



47. STELLATE. 



From stella, a star. Stellate plants are such as have the 

 leaves disposed round the stem in the form of a star with 

 rays. This order contains herbs, shrubs, and trees; and 

 consists of the following genera : Anthospennum, Asperula, 

 Crucianella, Diodia, Galium, Hedyotis, Knoxia, Lippia, 

 Phyllis, Richardia, Rubia, Sherrardia, Spermacoce, Valantia, 

 Houstonia, Oldenlandia, Ophiorrhiza, Spigelia, Coffea, Cor- 

 nus, Ixora, Pavetta, and Psychotria. 



48. AGGREGATE. 



From aggregare, to assemble or collect. Plants that have 

 compound flowers, consisting of a number of florets or small 

 flowers, each of which have a proper and common calix. 

 In this order are the following genera : Statica, Harrogia, 

 Brunia, Protea, Globularia, Leucadendron, Hebenstreitia, 

 Selago, Cephalanthus, Dipsacus, Scabiosa, Knautia, Allionia, 

 Valeriana, Morina, Boerhavia, Circeea, Lonicera, Chiococca, 

 Triosteum, Mitchella, Linncea, Morinda, Conocarpus, Loran- 

 thus, and Viscum. 



49. COMPOSITE. 



The great family of compound flowers with separate 

 anthers. In this order, Linncus has constructed his first or 

 primary divisions from the different sexes of the florets, 

 which he terms polygamy ; the subaltern divisions are con- 

 structed from the figure of the petals, the disposition of the 

 flowers, the pappus or crown of the seed, the common recep- 

 tacle, and other circumstances which characterize the sub- 

 altern divisions in other authors. The genera are divided 

 into six sections, viz. 1. Capitatcs : Gundelia, Echinops, 

 Sphseranthus, Arctium, Serratula, Carduus, Cnicus, Ono- 

 pordum, Cynara, Carlina, Gorteria, Atractylis, Carthamus, 

 Centaurea, Zoegea, Elephantopus, Barnadesia, Vernonia, 

 and Liatris. 2. Semiftosculosa : Scolymus, Cichorium, Cata- 

 nanche, Lapsana, Hypochtsris, Seriola, Krigia, Hyoseris, 

 Rothia, Andryala, Crepis, Hieracium, Leontodon, Prenan- 

 thes, Chondrilla, Lactuca, Sonchus, Apargia, Picris, Scor- 

 zonera, Tragopogon, and Geropogon. 3. Discoidece : Gna- 

 phalium, Xevanthemum, Stcehelina, Tanacetum, Matricaria, 

 Carpesium, Chrysanthemum, Pteronia, Baccharis, Osmites, 

 Conyza, Inula, Erigeron, Cineraria, Tussilago, Doronicum, 

 Arnica, Senecio, Solidago, Chrysocoma, Aster, Leysera, 

 Santolina, Anthemis, Anacyclus, Cotula, Athanasia, Achillea, 

 Cacalia, Perdicium, Bellis, Ageratum, Eupatorium, Ethulia, 

 Kuhnia, Bellium, Unxia, Mutisia, Lavenia, and Kleinia. 4. 

 (Not named) Corymbium, Helenium, Othonna, Arctotis, 

 Calendula, Osteospermum, and Sclerocarpus. 5. Opposi- 

 tifolice: Spilanthus, Bidens, Verbesina, Sigesbeckia, Core- 

 opsis, Silphium, Tetragonotheca, Polymnia, Trixis, Heli- 

 anthus, Rudbeckia, Milleria, Buphthalmum, Chrysogonum, 

 Melampodium, Tridax, Pectis, Tagetes, Zinnia, Calea, 

 Amellus, Eclipta, Baltimora, Hippia, Oedera, Clibadium, 

 Jungia, Relhania, Boltonia, Meyera, Phaetusa, Galardia, 

 Berckheya, Craspedia, Didelta, Tetranthus, Rolanda, and 

 Shawia. 6. Nucumentacete : Stoebe, Tarchonanthus, Arte- 

 misia, Seriphium, Eriocephalus, Filago, Micropus, Iva, Par- 

 thenium, Ambrosia, Xantliium, and Strumpfia. 

 50. AMENTACEX. 



From amentum, a catkin : plants bearing catkins. The 



genera are, Salix, Populus, Platanus, Sloanea, Fagus, Jug- 

 lans, Quercus, Corylns, Carpinus, Betula, Myrica, Pistacia, 

 and Cynomorium. 



51. CONIFERJE. 



From conus, a cone, and fero, to bear. Plants whose 

 female flowers, placed at a distance from the male, either on 

 the same or distinct roots, are formed into a cone. The 

 plants of this order are mostly of the shrub and tree kind, 

 and retain their leaves all the year. The genera are, 

 Cupressus, Ephedra, Equisetus, Juniperus, Pinus, Taxus, 

 and Thuja. 



52. COADUNATJE. 



From coadunare, to join or gather together; so termed 

 from the general appearance of the seed-vessels, which are 

 numerous, and being slightly attached below, form all toge- 

 ther a single fruitin the shape of a sphere or cone. The 

 genera are, Annona, Liriodendron, Magnolia, Uvaria, Mi- 

 chaelia, and Xylopia. 



53. SCABTUD.S. 



From scaber, rough, rugged, or bristly : Plants with rough 

 leaves. In this order are the following genera: Acnida, 

 Bosea, Cannabis, Cecropia, Cellis, Dorstenia, Ficus, Humu- 

 lus, Morus, Parietaria, Theligonum, Ulmus, and Urtica. 

 54. MISCELLANEA. 



An heterogeneous assemblage, consisting of such genera 

 as are not connected together by very numerous relations ; 

 as, Datisca, Reseda, Poterium, Sanguisorba, Lemna, Pistia, 

 Coriaria, Empetrum, Achyranthus, Amaranthus, Celosia, 

 Gomphrena, Iresino, Phytolacca, Nymphsea, Sarracenia, 

 Cedrela, Swietenia, Corrigiola, Limeum, and Telephium. 



55. FILICES (Ferns.) 



Plants which bear their flowers and fruit on the back of 

 the leaf or stalk. The genera are, Acrostichum, Adianthum, 

 Asplenium, BSechnum, Hemionitis, Isoetes, Lonchitis, Poly- 

 podium, Pteris, Trichomanes, Marsilia, Onoclea, Ophioglos- 

 suin, O stnunda, and Pilularia. 



56. Musci (Mosses.) 



This order is thus described by Linneus: Herb leafy; 

 corolla like a hood bearing the style, and covering the cap- 

 sule, which is closed with a lid. They frequently creep and 

 extend themselves like a carpet upon the ground, also upon 

 trees and stones, being generally collected into bunches and 

 tufts: the smallest are only one-third of an inch in height, 

 and the largest do not exceed five or six. The genera are, 

 Bryum, Bauxbaumia, Fontinalis, Hypnum, Lycopodium, 

 Mnium, Phascum, Polytrichum, Porella, Sphagnum, and 

 Splachnum. 



57. ALG.K (Sea-Weeds, Lichens, 8fC.) 



The plants of this order are described as having their 

 root, leaf, and stem, entire, or all one. The whole of the 

 sea-weeds, and various other aquatic plants, are compre- 

 hended under this division. The genera are divided into 

 two classes, 1. Terrestres: Anthoceros, Blasia, Riccia, Li- 

 chen, and Byssus. 2. Aquatica : Ulva, Fucus, and Conferva. 

 58. FUNGI (Mushrooms, 8fc.) 



The genera of this order are, Agaricus, Boletus, Clathrus, 

 Clavaria, Helvela, Hydnum, Lycoperdon, Mucor, Peziza, 

 Phallus, Tuber, &c. 



THE END. 



LONDON : PRINTED AT THE CAXTON PRESS, BY HENRY FISHER. 



