114 



CEPHALOTAXUS PEDUNCULATA. 



visited the tea-growing district of Ningpo where he remained some time investigating 

 the Tea culture and the process of manufacture. He returned to England with his 

 collections in 1846, and was shortly afterwards appointed to the Curatorship of the 

 Chelsea Botanic Garden which he gave up in 1848 that he might accept an offer of 

 the East India Company to proceed again to China to collect Tea plants and seeds for 

 transmission to India. The mission w r as eminently successful ; in 1851 he brought to 

 Calcutta 2,000 young Tea plants and 17,000 germinating seeds with which he 

 proceeded to the north-west provinces where he may be said to have laid the 

 foundation of the important Tea industry of India. Continuing in the service of the 

 East India Company he revisited China in 1852 and remained in the country three 

 years investigating the Tea and Silk industries and especially the Chinese methods of 

 horticulture, of which he has given some curious and interesting accounts in the 

 "Gardeners' Chronicle." In 1858 he again set out for China, this time in the service of 

 the American Government, and in 1860 he visited Japan whence he returned to 

 England in 1862. During his long and difficult journeyings in the Far East "his 

 adventures were full of romance ; whether feasting with Mandarins, enjoying the 

 hospitality of Buddhist priests, battling with the swarming natives, lighting single- 

 handed with pirates, or gaming admission to Loo-Chow in the guise of a Chinaman, 

 he seemed to have exercised equal energy and sagacity." He published an account of 

 his travels in three works entitled "Three Years' Wanderings in the North of China, 

 1847," "A Residence Among the Chinese, 1857," and " Yeddo and Peking, 1865"; 

 these books are remarkable for the picturesque and natural way in which he describes 

 what he saw. Many of his introductions have found their way into every garden 

 worthy of the name throughout the civilized world and where they are recognized as 

 among the most pleasing ornaments. The principal coniferous trees introduced by him 

 were Cryptomeria japonica, Laricopsis Kcempferi, Cephalotaxus Fortunei, Pinus 

 Bimgeana, Thuia japonica and Cupressus funsbris. Amongst flowering shrubs Pceonia 

 Moutan, Viburnum plicatum, Jasminum nudiftorum, Diervilla ( Weigela) rosea, 

 Forsythia viridissima and Trachelospermum jasminoides deserve especial mention ; and 

 of herbaceous perennials Anemone japonica, Dicentra spectabilis and Campanula nobilis 

 will always retain the high place they now occupy. Gardeners' Chronicle, XIII. 

 (1880), p. 487. 



Cephalotaxus pedunculata . 



A low tree with a dense head and sub-pendulous branchlets. In 

 Great Britain a spreading, bushy shrub of larger dimensions than 

 C. drupacea. Bark of branches 'reddish brown, smooth, except where 

 marked by the scars of the fallen leaves ; bark of branchlets green, 

 ridged and furrowed by cortical out-growths decurrent from the bases 

 of the leaves. Buds conic-cylindric ; perulse ovate, acute, keeled, free 

 at the apex, reddish brown. Leaves subsessile, pseudo-distichous, linear, 

 slightly tapering towards the apex, 1 2 inches long, dark green 

 with a thin median keel above, much paler and marked with darker 

 lines at the midrib and margins below.. Staminate flowers distinctly 

 pedunculate, about 0*5 inch long, both peduncle and capitulum sheathed 

 by scale-like, ovate bracts that are gradually larger upwards. Fruit 

 ellipsoid, about an inch long, suspended from a short, deflexed foot- 

 stalk sheathed by a few scarious bracts. 



Cephalotaxus pedunculata, Siebold and Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. II. 67, t. 133 (1842). 

 Endlicher, Synops. Conif. 238. Carriere, Traite Conif. ed. II. 716. Parlatore, D. C. 

 Prodr. XVI. 503. Gordon, Pinet. ed. II. 69. Masters in Gard. Chron. XXI. 

 (1884), p. 113; inJourn. Linn. Soc. XVIII. 499 ; XXII, 201, with fig. ; and in 

 Journ. R. Hort. Soc. XIV. 201. Beissner, Nadelholzk. 180. 



Taxus Harringtoniana, Forbes, Pinet. Woburn, 217, t. 66. 



var. fastigiata. 



A broadly columnar shrub resembling the Irish Yew. Branches 

 erect, more or less appressed to the stem ; branchlets also erect 



