116 TORREYA. 



and its larger size. Nevertheless there are forms in cultivation 

 which may with equal right be referred to either ; and these forms 

 together with the absence of any definite information respecting 

 the habitat of C. pedunculata favour the view of those botanists, 

 who recognise but one species of Cephalotaxus endemic in Japan. 

 C. pedunculata was introduced to the Botanic Garden at Leide by 

 Dr. Siebold with C. drupacea. According to Forbes it was first 

 cultivated in this country in 1837 under the name of T.<'t>* 

 Harringtoniana . 



The variety fastiijiata is the best of all the Cephalotaxi for British 

 gardens ; it is an analogue of the Irish Yew, curious, ornamental and 

 distinct, and although slow growing, many places may be found for it 

 that no other Taxad or Conifer can so well fill. Only one plant of the 

 variety sph<uralis appears to be known ; this is (or was) growing in the 

 garden of a clergyman at Steyning in Sussex. 



TOEREYA. 



Arnott, Ann. Nat. Hist. I. 126-130 (1838). Parlatore, D. C. Prodr. XVI. 504 (1868), 

 Benthani and Hooker, Gen. Plant. III. 431 (1881). Eichler in Engler and Prantl, Nat. 

 Pfl. Fam. Ill (1887). Masters in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXX. 5 (1893). Tumion, Ratinesque, 

 Amenities of Nature, 63 (1840), ex Sargent, Silva N. Amer. X. 55 (1896). 



A genus of evergreen trees of Yew-like aspect but more formally 

 ramified, and with longer and larger leaves that are rigid and spine- 

 tipped. Three well differentiated species are known * inhabiting 

 regions widely remote from each other ; one, the type species, is 

 restricted to a small area in Florida ; the second American species 

 has a wider range through the Sierras of western California ; and 

 the third occurs on the mountains of central Japan and probably 

 in north China. The existing species are the survivors of an 

 unknown number of others which in Tertiary times were spread over 

 Europe and North America from the Arctic Circle southwards, but 

 which disappeared under the influence of the extreme cold of the 

 Glacial epoch. The Torreyas, therefore, are of much interest in 

 their scientific aspect ; they formed part of the arborescent vegetation 

 of the northern regions of the Earth at the time when Taxodium and 

 the Sequoias were a prominent ingredient of the forest, with which 

 they are still associated in North America, and doubtless attained 

 their greatest development during the same geological period. The 

 race appears to be passing away, although the species may be 

 preserved indefinitely by the hand of Man. 



The essential characters of Torreya are Flowers clioacious, rarely 

 moii03cious, axillary and sessile on shoots of the preceding year 



* Our knowledge of Torreya gmndis introduced by Fortune from North China in 1847 

 is still very imperfect, and the little that is known of it tends to the conclusion that it 

 is not specifically distinct from the Japanese T. nucifi'm. 





