166 JUNIPERUS BERMUDIANA. 



which is much used in the manufacture of "cedar pencils" and domestic 

 furniture, and that of /. recurva and /. excelsa, the latter of which 

 is used for all kinds of constructive purposes in the mountainous region 

 of north-west India.* The fruits of the Savin were formerly used as a 

 diuretic in medicine, and those of the common Juniper are still 

 employed in large quantities for flavouring gin. In horticulture, some 

 of the arborescent species of the temperate zone, as /. cMnensis> 

 J. viryiniana and the fastigiate form of J. communis are much used 

 in ornamental planting; the shrubby species for the most part occupy 

 but a subordinate place although several handsome forms of prostrate 

 habit are, to be found among them. An essential condition for the 

 successful cultivation of the Junipers is free exposure to sun and air. 



Juniperus is the Latin name of the Juniper, and appears to have 

 been applied indiscriminately to most of the species common in southern 

 Europe in the same way as the Greeks applied the names K-e'fyog and 



Juniperus bermudiana. 



A monoecious tree attaining a height of 50 60 feet with a broadly 

 conical crown, the trunk often 2 3 feet in diameter near the base, 

 and covered with dark brown bark which in the younger trees peels. 

 off in shreds, but in the older ones becomes hard, rugged and irregularly 

 fissured. Branches spreading or ascending; branchlets much ramified, 

 ramification tetrastichous (four - ranked), the youngest branchlet system 

 ramified in the same way. Leaves dimorphic ; on young trees and 

 on the older shoots of those more advanced in age, in whorls of three,. 

 acicular, concave with two stomatiferous lines above, convex beneath,. 

 becoming effete on the axial growths the second or third year ; on 

 the younger lateral shoots and on adult trees scale-like, ovate, acute,. 

 imbricated and bright green. Staminate flowers with eight ten anthers. 

 Fruits (galbuli) solitary or in twos and threes in and near the axils of 

 the youngest branchlet systems, 0*3 0'5 inch in diameter, smooth, not, 

 glaucous, reddish brown with a purplish tinge when mature.! 



Juniperus bermudiana, Linnaeus, Sp. Plant II. 1039 (1753). Endlicher, Synops. 

 Conif. 29. Hooker W. in Lond. Journ Bot. II. 141, t. 1. Carriere, Traite Conif. 

 ed. II. 49 Parlatore, D. C. Prodr. XVI. 490. Henisley in Gard. Chron. XIX. 

 (1883), p. 656, with tigs. Sargent in Garden and Forest, IV. (1891), 289, with 

 tigs And many others. 



The Bermuda Juniper still forms the most prominent feature of 

 the flora of the little ocean-girt group of islets from which it 

 derives its specific name, although the woodcutter's axe has long 

 since removed most of the serviceable trees for the use of the 

 shipbuilder and for the manufacture of " cedar " pencils for which the 

 wood was at one time much in request, but now superseded by that 

 of the cheaper and more accessible Juniperus virginiana. Nevertheless 

 a few old trees standing in cemeteries and other particular spots. 

 afford ample evidence of what a picturesque and even beautiful object 



K ' Aitchison in Journal of the Linnean Society, XVIII. 97. 



t Fruiting sprays were communicated by the late M. Charles Naudin from the Villa, 

 Ihuret Botanic garden, Antibes. 



