168 JUNIPERUS CALIFORNIA. 



Juniperus californica, Carriers, Revue Hort. (1854), p. 352, with fig. ; and Traite 

 Conif. ed. II. 41. Engelmann in Trans. Acad. St. Louis, III. 558. Brewer 

 and Watson, Bot. Califor. II. 113. Beissner, Nadelholzk. 113. Masters in Journ. 

 R. Hort. Soc. XIV. 211. 



J. occidentalis, Hoopes, Evergreens, 299 (in part). Parlatore, D. C. Prodr. XVI. 

 489 (in part). And others. 



J. pyriformis, Lindley in Gard. Chron. (1855), p. 420. 



The species described above was for a long time confounded with 

 Juniperus occidentalis, from which it is not easily distinguishable in 

 herbarium specimens, howevei distinct in habit and aspect the two 

 may appear in their native country. It has a restricted range on 

 the lower slopes and lowlands of California from the valley of the 

 Sacramento southwards into Lower California ; it also occurs on the 

 western slopes of the Sierra Nevada as far north as Kernville. 



Juniperus californica was introduced to the Veitchian nursery at 

 Exeter about the same time as the Wellingtonia (1853) by William 

 Lobb, who had gathered seeds on the San Bernardino mountains in 

 south California. Plants were subsequently distributed under Dr. Lindley's 

 name of J. pyriformis, but their unsuitableness for the British climate 

 soon became apparent ; the very few plants of </. californica still living 

 in this country are referred to J. occidentalis. 



Two closely allied forms or climatic variations of Juniperus californica 

 may be here noticed. 



JuDiperus mexicana. 



Schlechtendal in Linntea, V. 97 (1830) ; and XII. 494 (1838). Endlicher, Synops. 

 Conif. 28. Parlatore, D. C. Prodr. XVI. 491. Carriere, Traite Conif. ed. II. 47. 

 And others. 



A tree ranging from 20 to 30 feet high, in some places attaining 

 greater dimensions, but at its highest vertical range reduced to a low 

 straggling shrub. It is spread over the mountains and high plateau 

 of Mexico from the Sierra Madre southwards at elevations ranging 

 from 6,000 to 10,000 feet above sea-level. Carriere states that it was 

 introduced into European gardens in 1841. 



Juniperus utahensis. 



Lemmon, Report California State Board of Forestry, III. 183, t. 28 (1890), ex 

 Sargent, Silva of N. Amer. X. 81, t. 518. J. californica var. utahensis, Engel- 

 mann, Trans. Acad. St. Louis,- III. 588. 



This takes the place of Juniperus californica in the arid region 

 lying between the Sierra Nevada of California and the Rocky Mountains 

 where it is very abundant, in places forming stunted forests above 

 5,000 up to 8,000 feet elevation. It differs from /. californica in 

 its more slender branches and usually glandless leaves, and in its 

 smaller and generally one-seeded fruits. It is geographically separated 

 from that species by the Mohave desert. It affords the cheapest and 

 most accessible fuel in the desert region which it inhabits, but is 

 rapidly disappearing to supply the wants of miners and others.* 

 J. utahensis is probably not in cultivation in Great Britain. 



* Silva of North America, he. cit. supra. 



