JUNIPEUUS COMMUNIS. 171 



beneath. Staminate flowers very small, axillary composed of fifteen 

 eighteen stamens in five six whorls. Ovuliferous flowers consisting of 

 three divergent ovuliferons scales, and three minute fleshy scales 

 alternating with them below and adnate to them at the base. Fruits 

 numerous, solitary in the axils of the leaves, on short footstalks 

 clothed with minute triangular -imbricated scales, ripening in the second 

 year, at first green, changing to blackish violet with glaucous bloom, 

 about one-fifth of an inch in diameter and containing three seeds. 



Juniperus connmmis, Linnaeus, Sp. Plant. II. 1040 (1753). Pallas, Fl. ross. 

 I. 12, t. 4 (1784). L. C. Richard, Mem. sur les Conif. 33 (1826). London, Arb. et 

 Frut. Brit. IV. 2489, with tigs. Endlicher, Syiiops, Conif. 15. Carriere, Traite 

 Conif. ed. II. 17. Parlatore, D. C. Prodr. XVI. 471. Brandis, Forest Fl. Ind. 

 535. Gordon, Pinet. ed. II. 131. Brewer and Watson, Bot. Califor. II, 113. 

 Willkomm, Forstl. Fl. ed. II. 261, with fig. Boissier, Fl. orient. V. 707. 

 Beissner, Nadelholzk. 133, with figs. Sowerby, Eng. Bot. VIII. 273, t. 882. 

 Hooker fil, Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 646. Masters in Journ. R. Hort. Soc. XIV. 212. 

 Sargent, Silva N. Amer. X. 75, t. 516. And many others. 



J. canadensis, Gordon, Pinet. ed. II. 129. 



Eng. Juniper. Amer. Ground Cedar. Fr. Genevrier comrnun. Germ. 

 Wachholder, Machholder, Kranawett, and others. Ital. Giuepro ordinario. 

 Span. Enebro. Port. Zimbro. 



var. aureo-variegata. 



All or nearly all the terminal growths of the current year golden 

 yellow which changes in the following season to the normal colour of 

 the species. The golden variegation occurs in two distinct forms, the 

 one arborescent or spreading, the other dwarf or procumbent. 



J. commimis aureo-variegata, Hort. ex Beissner, Nadelholzk. 138. J. communis. 



aurea, Hort. J. canadensis aurea, Hort. 



var. cracovica. 



An arborescent form with spreading -branches and long, slender, some- 

 what distant, sub-pendulous branchlets which are at first yellowish and 

 furnished with longer leaves than in the common Juniper. 



J. cornmunis cracovica,* Loddiges, ex London, Arb. et Frut. Brit. IV. 2490 

 (cracovia). Gordon, Pinet. ed. II. 132. Beissner, Nadelholzk, 136. 



var. fastigiata. 



An erect low tree 12 15 or more feet high, of slender 

 columnar habit ; the branches and their ramifications erect, rigid and 

 closely appressed to the principal stems and to each other ; the 

 youngest branchlets short and furnished with close-set leaves that are 

 smaller and usually more brightly coloured than in the common form. 

 The variety cultivated in gardens under the name of COmpreSSa is a 

 diminutive form of fastiyiata. 



J. commimis fastigiata, Parlatore, D. C. Prodr. XVI 497. J. communis suecica, 

 London, Arb et. Frut. Brit. IV. 2487. Carriere, Traite Conif ed. II. 18. 

 J. communis hibernica, Gordon, Pinet. ed. II. 132. Beissner, Nadelholzk. 136. 

 J. communis arborescens, Endlicher, Synops. Conif. 16. J. hibernica compressa, 

 Hort. Swedish Juniper. 



var. hemispJaserica. 



A small ceespitose bush usually of hemispheric form with short, 

 much ramified branches and branchlets, the latter clothed with leaves 



* This variety is said to have originated in the neighbourhood of Cracow ; it may be so 

 since the common Juniper is abundant on the Carpathian Mountains. 



