188 JUN1PERUS KIGIDA. 



Fota Island, near Cork, where there is a male plant of very attractive 

 aspect which differs from it chiefly in the hranchlets being more distant 

 and more elongated, and in the leaves being longer, narrower, more closely 

 appressed to the stems and more distinctly glaucous. 



Juniperus rigida. 



A small tree 20 25 feet high with spreading branches and pendulous 

 or sub-pendulous branchlets ; more frequently a low spreading bushy shrub. 

 Leaves homomorphic, persistent about three years, in whorls of three, 

 subulate, acuminate, trigonous, pungent, O75 1 inch long, channelled 

 and marked with a white stomatiferous line on the ventral (upper) side, 

 keeled and pale green on the dorsal (lower) side. Staminate flowers 

 mostly in the axils of two-years-old leaves, cylindric, about 0*25 inch 

 long, consisting of twelve eighteen stamens with a sub-deltoid connective. 

 Fruits globose, somewhat larger than those of the common Juniper, 

 blackish blue and glaucous when mature and containing three four seeds. 



Juniperus rigida, Siebold and Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. II. 56, t. 125 (1842). 

 Endlicher, Synops Conif. 17. Carriere, Traite Conif. ed. II. 20 Parlatore, 

 D. C. Prodr. XVI 480 Gordon, Pinet. ed. II. 138. Franchet and Savetier, Enum. 

 Plant. Jap. I. 471. Beissner, Nadelholzk. 131. Masters in Journ. Linn. Soc. 

 XVIII. 496 ; and Journ. R. Hort. Soc. XIV. 214. 



J. conmmnis, Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 264 (1784), not Linnreus. 



Jumperus rigida, the Japanese representative of the common Juniper, 

 is generally distributed over the central island, growing mostly in dry 

 gravelly soils ; it is also more generally cultivated in Japan than any 

 other Juniper. It first became known to science through the Swedish 

 botanist Thunberg who mistook it for J. communis from which it 

 differs in its longer, almost trigonous leaves that are channelled on the 

 upper side and in its larger fruits. 



Juniperus rigida was introduced into British gardens by the late 

 Mr. John Gould Veitch in 1861 ; it grows freely in most soils and 

 situations when not crowded by other shrubs, and as a plant for garden 

 decoration it is superior to the common Juniper. 



Closely allied to Juniperus rigida and perhaps but a local or climatic 

 form of ,it is a Juniper occurring in northern Japan, of which specimens 

 are preserved in the national herbaria but which is not known to be in 

 cultivation, viz : 



Juniperus conferta. 



Parlatore, D. C. Prodr. XVI. 481. Gordon, Pinet. ed. II. 133. J. littoralis,* 

 Maximowicz in Bull, Acad. Petersb. 230, ex Parlatore, loc. cit. Beissner, Nadel- 

 holzk. 130. 



A sea-side plant originally discovered by the American botanical 

 explorer, Charles Wright, on the sandy dunes of the Bay of Hakodati and 

 afterwards by Maximowicz in the same locality. As represented in 

 British herbaria it differs from Juniperus rigida in its shorter leaves 

 much crowded in tufts and in its larger spherical fruits ; its habit is 

 described as prostrate with long straggling branches and close-set 

 branchlets clothed with grey-green foliage. 



* The Juniperus littoralis of some gardens is a different plant from this, and should be 

 referred to the J. Pseudo-Sabina of Fischer and Meyer. 



