VARIETIES OF JUNIPERUS VIRGIN1ANA. 193 



mostly pseudo-distichous and alternate, of the herbaceous shoots often 

 tetrastichous (four-ranked), very short and four-angled. Leaves dimorphic ; 

 011 the axial shoots and on young trees in whorls of three, acicular 

 or linear-lanceolate, acuminate, adiiate at the base, free at the apex, 

 changing to reddish brown or grey and becoming effete in the third 

 year ; on adult trees small, scale-like, in decussate pairs, ovate, acute, 

 imbricated or concrescent, light green changing to russet-brown on 

 pollen-bearing trees, green or glaucescent on fruit-bearing trees ; on 

 young plants larger and changing to dull violet-brown in winter. 

 Flowers dioecious, less commonly monoecious, the staminate flowers about an 

 eighth of an inch long composed of eight ten stamens. Fruits produced 

 on the ends of short lateral shoots of the preceding year, sub-globose, 

 0*25 inch in diameter, dark blue-purple covered with a whitish glaucous 

 bloom, and ripening the first season. 



Juniperus virginiana, Linnpeus, Sp. Plant. II. 1039 (1753). Michaux, Hist. Arbr. 

 Amer. III. 42, t. 5 (1813). L C. Richard, Mem. sur les Conif. 37 (1826). 

 Loudon, Arb. et Frut. Brit. IV. 2495, with figs (1838). Endlicher, Synops. 

 Conif. 27 (1847). Carriers, Traite Conif. ed. II. 43. Parlatore, D. C. 

 Prodr. XVI. 488. Hoopes, Evergreens, 291. Gordon, Pinet. ed. II. 154. Beissner, 

 Xadelholzk. 122, with figs Masters in Journ. R. Hort. Soc. XIV. 215. Sargent 

 in Garden and Forest, VIII 61 ; and Silva N. Amer. X. 93, t. 52. And many 

 others. 



Eng. and Amer, Red Cedar. Fr Cedre de Virginie. Germ. Virginischer Sade- 

 banm. Ital. Cedro della Virginia. 



Varieties distinguished chiefly l>y habit. 

 var. Bedfordiana. 



In Great Britain a dense much-branched low tree of columnar habit, 

 with slender elongated pendulous or reflexed branchlets clothed with 

 bright green acicular leaves with a grey stomatiferous line on the ventral 

 side.* 



J. virginiana Bedfordiana, Parlatore, D. C. Prodr. XVI. 489. J. virginiana 

 barbadensis, Gordon, Pinet. ed. II. 155. J. gracilis, Endlicher, Synops. Conif. 

 31. J. Bedfordiana, Hort And others. 



var. dumosa. 



A shrub with short, close-set, ascending branches, and with a rounded 

 top. Leaves dimorphic, for the most part acicular, spreading, bluish 

 green above ; on the herbaceous shoots scale-like and bright green. 



J. virginiana dumosa, Carriere, Traite Conif. ed. II. 46. Gordon, Pinet. ed. II. 

 156. Beissner, Nadelholzk. 126. 



var. pendula. 



Several pendulous forms are described by different authors'. According 

 to Gordon three such are to be found in British gardens differing 

 more or less in the manner and degree of pendulosity and in the 

 colour of the foliage. They are thus distinguished : One has spreading 

 branches and pendulous branchlets clothed with scale-like leaves only, 



* This is one of the most beautiful of Junipers, but unfortunately too tender for the 

 climate of Great Britain generally. Although long cultivated in this country its origin 

 is obscure ; there is strong evidence in support of an hypothesis that it is the Juniper of the 

 Gulf States and some of the West India Islands, and thence the J. barbadensis of Linnaeus 

 and specifically distinct from J. virginiana. 



