THUIA OCCIDENTALIS. 245 



the branchlets, paler with white triangular spots and markings on the 

 under side. Staminate flowers as in T. yigantea. Strobiles composed 

 of four decussate pairs of imbricated scale % s of which the two middle 

 pairs are fertile. 



Thuia japonica, Maximowicz in Bull, Acad. Sc. Petersb. X. 490 (1866) Masters 

 in Journ. Linn. Soc XVIII. 486 ; Journ. R. Hort. Soc. XIV. 252 ; and Gard. Chron. 

 XXI. ser. 3 (1897), p. 258, with figs. 



T. Standishii, Carriere, Traite Conif. ed. II. 108 (1867). Gordon, Pinet. 

 eel. II. 408. Beissner, Naclelholzk. 49. 



T. gigantea, Parlatore, D. C. Prodr. XVI. 457 (not Nuttall). 



T. gigantea var. japonica, Franchet et Savetier, Enum. Plant. Jap. I. 469. 



Thuiopsis Standishii, Hort. 



Eng. Japanese Arbor Vitte, Standish's Arbor Vitpe. Fr. Thuia de Japon. 

 Germ. Japanischer Lebensbaum. 



A species of much interest, first discovered by Fortune in cultivation 

 around Tokio during his mission tio Japan in 1860 1861 and 

 introduced by him to the nursery of the late Mr. Standish 

 at Ascot, who subsequently distributed it under the name of Thuiopsis 

 Standishii. In 1864 or 1S65 it was seen by the Eussian botanist 

 Maximowicz also in cultivation around Tokio, and was afterwards 

 described by him in the publication quoted above under the 

 name of Thuia japonica, which is the oldest authoritative 

 published name. No evidence of its being endemic was forthcoming 

 until it was discovered growing wild on the mountains of Nikko in 

 central Japan by Maries while collecting for the Veitchian firm in 

 1877 1879. Quite recently it was found by Professor Sargent and 

 Mr. James H. Veitch on the shores of Lake Yumoto in the Nikko 

 mountains at 4,000 5,000 feet elevation, where it appears to be 

 quite rare. 



As an ornamental tree for British gardens, Thuia japonica may be 

 recommended for retentive loamy soils ; it then forms a shapely low 

 tree with a narrowly conical or columnar outline. In dry soils it 

 becomes thin and indifferently furnished, especially near the ground. 

 It is easily distinguished from the American Thuias by its thicker, 

 less sharply pointed leaves, which on the under side of the 

 branchlets are marked with whitish spots and lines, and which 

 when bruised emit an unpleasant odour very different from the 

 strong fragrance given forth by the bruised leaves of T. oecidentalis 

 and T. (jit/antea. 



Thuia oecidentalis, 



A tree of variable height according to locality ; at its greatest 

 development 50 60 feet high with a trunk 2 3 feet in diameter ; 

 of tener 30 40 feet high, the trunk sometimes dividing into two or 

 three upright secondary stems furnished with short branches which turn 

 upwards and form a rather compact head.* In Great Britain a tree 

 of narrowly conical or columnar outline, in dry soils rather sparsely 

 ramified, rarely exceeding 30 feet high, with a slender trunk covered 



* Silva of North America, X. 126. 



