314 PINUS BALFOUIUANA. 



sub-cylindric, slightly tapering, 3*5 5 inches long, composed of narrow 

 elongated scales with a rhomboidal apophysis transversely keeled and 

 terminating in an awn-like prickle. 



Pinus Balfouriana, Murray, Oregon Exped. I. t. 3, lig. 1' (1853) ; and in Gard. 

 Chron. V. (1876), p. 332, with tig. Carriere, Traite Conif. ed. II. 425. Gordon, 

 Pinet. ed. II. 293. Engelmann in Brewer and Watson's Bot. Califor. II. 125. 

 Lawson, Pinet. Brit. I. 11, with tigs. Beissner, Nadelholzk. 272. Masters in 

 Journ. R. Hort. Soc. XIV. 225. Sargent, Silva N. Amer. XI. 59, t. 553. 



P. aristata, Engelmann in Trans. St. Louis Acad. II. 205 t. 506 (1863). 

 Carriere, Traite Conif. ed. II. 424. Parlatore, D. C. Prodr. XVI. 400. Lawson, 

 Pinet. Brit. I. 5, with figs. Gordon, Pinet. ed. II. 291. Sargent, Silva N. Amer. 

 XL 63, t. 554. 



P. Balfouriana var. aristata, Engelmann in Brewer and Watson's Bot. Califor. II. 

 125. Beissner, Nadelholzk. 273. Masters in Journ. R. Hort. Soc. XIV. 225. 



Eng. Professor Balfour's Pine, Awned Pine. Amer. Foxtail Pine. Germ. 

 Fuchsschsvanzkiefer. 



The- habitat of this singular Pine may be stated in general terms 

 to be included within the region lying between the Sierra Nevada 

 of California and the outer or eastern range of the Rocky Mountains 

 of Colorado, and between the 35th and 40th parallels of north 

 latitude. It is essentially an alpine species, and always occurs on 

 rocky slopes and ridges at elevations varying from 5,000 to 12,000 feet, 

 but nowhere very abundant except on Mount Whitney in south 

 California, where it forms extensive groves associated below with 

 Pinus contorta, and above with P. monticola. 



Pinus Balfouriana was originally discovered in 1852 on Scott Mountain, 

 in California, by Jeffrey, who forwarded a few seeds to the Scottish 

 Oregon Association. This, the typical form, was named in compliment 

 to the late John Hutton Balfour, Professor of Botany in the University 

 of Edinburgh. In 1861 it was discovered on Pike's Peak in Colorado 

 by Dr. Parry, and to his discovery Engelmann gave the name Pinus 

 aristata, in reference to the bristle-like awns on the scales of the 

 cone. Seeds were subsequently introduced from this locality into 

 Great Britain. In this country both the California!! and Colorado 

 forms are quite rare, and very few have attained a considerable size. 

 Although the growth of P. Balfouriana is very slow, the leader shoot 

 rarely increasing more than six inches in one season, it is so distinct from 

 every other Pine in its snake-like branches clothed with appressed persistent 

 foliage, the terminal shoots of which have a fancied resemblance to a 

 fox's brush, as scarcely to merit the neglect it has hitherto received. 

 Professor Sargent has described and figured in the "Silva of North 

 America " the California!! and Colorado forms as distinct species. That 

 they are geographically separated by the arid treeless tracts of western 

 Nevada is indisputable, but no structural differences of sufficient value 

 to be accepted as specific are discernible in the flowers and fruits. 

 Engelmann, the author of the species aristata, abandoned it in his 

 " Revision of the Genus Pinus " on the ground that the leaf structure 

 and staminate flowers are identical with those of P. Balfouriana ; 

 but in Brewer and Watson's " Botany of California " gave it varietal 

 rank, distinguishing it from the type by "its ovate cones with thinner 

 scales and longer awn-like prickles." The specimens of P. Balfouriana 

 and P. aristata growing in Great Britain are practically identical if true 

 to their respective names. 



