316 PINU3 BCJNGEANA. 



JOSEPH BANKS (1743 1820) was born in London and was educated first at 

 Harrow and afterwards at Eton, whence he proceeded to Christ Church College, 

 Oxford. His love of Botany commenced before he entered the University, where 

 it became so great that finding no lectures were given on that subject, he applied 

 to Dr. Sibthorp, the botanical professor, for permission to procure a proper person 

 to instruct him. He left Oxford in 1763. His father having died in 1761 he 

 came into possession of his paternal fortune in 1764, and from that time till his 

 death, his whole time and means were well-nigh devoted to the advancement of 

 science In 1766 he made a voyage to Newfoundland for the purpose of collecting 

 plants, returning in the following summer ; and in 1768 he accompanied, in the 

 capacity of assistant naturalist, Dr. Solander being the principal, the first expedition 

 under the command of Captain Cook, the chief objects of which were to observe 

 a transit of Venus and to discover new countries. After leaving Tahiti, where the 

 transit had been successfully observed, the vessel, a bark of 370 tons called the 

 Endeavour, traversed the seas surrounding New Zealand and Australia, returning to 

 England in 1771 ; Banks and Solander were thence the first botanists who became 

 acquainted with the remarkable Australian flora. In 1772, accompanied by 

 Dr. Solander, he made a scientific expedition to Iceland, ; passing among the 

 Hebrides on their return they were induced to examine them, and during their 

 investigation they came upon the basaltic pillar and natural caverns of Staffa till 

 then unknown to naturalists. In 1777 he was elected President of the Royal 

 Society, to which by much exertion he procured a great accession of men of rank 

 and talent. In 1781 he was created a baronet, which was soon after followed by other 

 honours. All the voyages of discovery made under the auspices of the Government 

 during the last thirty years of his life were either suggested by him or received 

 his approbation. He was a zealous promoter of the Horticultural Society of London 

 founded in 1804, and took a leading part in the management of the Royal Gardens 

 at Kew. During his forty-two years' tenure of the Presidency of the Royal Society, 

 he was indefatigable as an officer and trustee of the British Museum, to which 

 institution, in addition to innumerable other gifts, he bequeathed his scientific 

 library and foreign correspondence. 



Pinus Bungeana. 



A tall tree 80 100 feet high, the trunk frequently divided at a 

 short distance from the ground into several ascending stems that are 

 covered with whitish bark. In Great Britain a low or medium-sized 

 tree of pyramidal outline and with diffuse ascending branches, the 

 trunk with smooth brown bark that falls away in thin flakes of 

 irregular shape and size as in the common Birch and oriental Plane, 

 exposing a whitish inner cortex. Branchlets usually in pseudo-whorls 

 of three with smooth greenish brown bark. Buds conic, acute, 0*5 inch 

 long, with ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, chestnut-brown perulse. Leaves 

 ternate (in threes), persistent three four years, spirally and distantly 

 inserted along the upper two-thirds of the shoot, which is Avithout pulvini ; 

 rigid, spreading, triquetral, 3 4 inches long, dark lustrous green ; basal 

 sheath about 0*5 inch long, deciduous. Staniinate flowers in a lax 

 spike 3 -5 inches long, sub-cylindric, obtuse, about 0'25 inch long, 

 surrounded at the base by linear, acuminate bracts longer than the 

 staminal axis. Cones ovoid-conic, 2 '5 inches long, 1*5 inch in diameter; 

 scales broadly obovate, the thickened apex with a transverse keel on 

 the exposed side and with a short reflexed umbo in the centre. Seeds 

 with a short broad Aving. 



Pinus Bungeana, Zuccarini ex Endlicher, Synops. Conif. 166 (1847). Murray, 

 Pines and Firs of Japan, 18, with figs. (1863). Carriere, Traite Conif. ed. II. 434. 

 Parlatore, D. C. Prodr. XVI. 398 Gordon, Pinet. ed. II. 263. Lawson, Pinet. 

 Brit. I. 13, with figs. Beissner, Nadelholzk. 252. Masters in Gard. Chron. XVIII. 

 (1882), p. 8, with fig. ; and Journ. R. Hort. Soc. XIV. 226. 



