318 PINUS CEMBRA. 



and then rising parallel in direction with and not much smaller than 

 the main trunk. In Great Britain rarely exceeding 50 feet high, with 

 a broadly columnar or elongated conical outline till the top becomes 

 enlarged and rounded by age. Bark of trunk greyish brown, usually 

 fissured into numerous thin plates. Branches short, horizontal or 

 tortuous, the lowermost sometimes ascending. Branchlets short with 

 pale reddish brown bark, the herbaceous shoots pubescent. Buds conic, 

 acute, 0*25 0'4 inch long, pale reddish brown ; perulae linear-lanceolate, 

 acuminate, fringed with whitish hairs. Leaves quinate (in fives), 

 persistent four five years, triquetral with a rather prominent keel on 

 the inner, convex on the outer side, minutely serrulate at the edge, 

 3*5 4'5 inches long, dark green with white stomatiferous lines; basal 

 sheath short and deciduous. Staminate flowers in dense heads, cylindric, 

 obtuse, about 0'75 inch long, brownish red, surrounded at the base by 

 six eight involucral bracts; connective of anther reniform and 

 sharply crenulate. Cones erect, ovoid, obtuse, 2*5 3 inches long and 

 2 inches in diameter, purplish violet during growth, brown when 

 mature ; scales sub-orbicular, the exposed part slightly convex and 

 terminating in an obtuse umbo. Seeds obovoid, compressed, about 

 0'5 inch long with a hard testa and rudimentary Aving. 



Finns Cembra, Liniueus, Sp. Plant. II. 1000 (1753). Miller, Diet. ed. VIII. 

 No. 6 (1768). Pallas, Fl. Ross. I. 3, t. 2 (1784). Lambert, Genus Finns, I. 

 tt. 23, 24 (1803). London, Arb. et Fmt. Brit. IV. 2274, witlr figs. Forbes, 

 Pinet. Woburn, 69, t. 27. Link in Linnsea, XV. 513. Endlicher, Synops. Conif. 141. 

 Carriere, Traite Conif. ed. II. 386. Parlatore, D. C. Prodr. XVI. 402. Lawscn, 

 Pinet. Brit. I. 17, t. 3, with figs. Willkomm, Forstl Fl. ed. II. 169. Beissner, 

 Nadelholzk. 276, with figs. Masters in Journ. R. Hort. Soc. XIV. 22(5. And 

 many others. 



Eng. Cembra Pine, Swiss Stone Pine. Fr. Cembrot, Tinier. Swiss, Alvier, 

 Arolle, Arolla. Germ. Ziirbelkiefer, Arve. Zirme. Ital. Pino Zimbro. 



var. pumila. 



A dwarf stunted bush 2 6 feet high with greatly elongated brandies, 

 and thence assuming a creeping habit. Leaves crowded, 1 2 inches 

 long, silvery grey, pale green on the convex side. Cones much smaller 

 than in the type, about 1-5 inch long. 



P. Cembra pumila, Pallas, Fl. Ross. I. 5, t. 2. Parlatore, D. C. Prodr. XVI. 

 403. And others. P. Cembra pygmsea, London, Arb. et Frut. Brit. IV. 2276. 

 P. pumila, Mayr, Abiet. des Japanischen Reicbes. 80. P. Mandschurica, Lawson, 

 Pinet. Brit. I. 61. 



var. sibirica. 



Distinguished in German gardens from the Swiss type by its more 

 vigorous growth, its more slender habit, shorter leaves, longer cylindric 

 cones, and larger seeds. 



P. Cembra sibirica, London, Arb. et Frut. Brit. IV. 2275. Beissner, Nadelholzk. 

 279. P. Cembra Mandschurica, Carriere, Traite Conif. ed. II. 390 (not Regel). 



The geographical distribution of Pinus Cembra is very extensive ; 

 in northern Asia it is said to spread from the Ural mountains to 

 Kamtschatka, having its northern limit near the Arctic Circle and 

 its southern -the Altai mountains ; throughout this vast region it is 

 a tree both of the plains and mountains, in places ascending to 

 2,500 3,000 feet. In Europe it grows spontaneously only on the 

 Carpathian mountains and the Alps ; on the former, where its 



