PINUS CONTORTA. 323 



Widely distributed over the south-western States. From Utah it 

 spreads westwards over the mountains of Nevada to the eastern slopes 

 of the southern Sierra Nevada. In California it is abundant on the 

 desert mountains of the south and south-east, crossing the boundary 

 into Lower California ; it is also common on the western slopes of 

 the Virgin Mountains of Arizona. The wood is largely used for fuel 

 and for the manufacture of charcoal. 



Pinus Parry ana. 



A tree 30 40 feet high with a trunk occasionally 18 inches in 

 diameter. The stout, spreading branches form a "compact pyramid, and 

 in old age a loose, round-topped, irregular head. Branchlets stout, at 

 first covered with a short, soft pubescence, the bark becoming dark 

 brown with a reddish tinge at the end of the third year. Leaves 

 persistent three four years, in fascicles of three five, but usually 

 four, incurved, sharp pointed with callous tips, 1'25 1'75 inch long, 

 pale glaucous green with short, deciduous, basal sheaths. Staminate 

 flowers in elongated spikes, about 0'25 inch long, surrounded at the 

 Taase by four involucral bracts. Cones 1 1*5 inch in diameter, the 

 exposed portion of the broadly oblong scales much thickened, keeled 

 transversely and narrowed into a central knob terminating in a truncate 

 nmbo with a minute recurved tip. Seeds more than 0'3 inch long 

 with a thin, narrow wing. 



Pinus Parryana, Engelmann in Amer. Journ. Sc. ser. 2, XXXIV. 332 (1862), not 

 Gordon ; and Brewer and Watson's Bot. Califor. II. 124. Parlatore, D. C. Prodr. 

 XVI. 402. Beissner, Nadelholzk. 255. Masters in Journ. R. Hort. Soc. XIV. 236. 



P. quadrifolia, Sudworth (1897), ex Sargent, Silva N. Amer. XL 43. t. 549. 



Pinus Parryana is abundant on the low mountain slopes of Lower 

 California where, in places, it is almost the only tree ; it spreads 

 northwards into south California where, however, it is quite rare. It 

 is named after Dr. C. C. Parry, one of the botanists of the Commission 

 appointed to establish the boundary between the United States and 

 Mexico. 



Pinus contorta. 



A small tree 5 15, rarely more than 30 feet high, the trunk 

 -covered with thin, irregularly fissured bark and much branched, the 

 branches often arrested in their growth and distorted by sea-winds. 

 In Great Britain a low, erect tree of conical outline. Primary branches 

 mostly horizontal, the secondaries short and more or less curved. 

 Branchlets with reddish brown bark, marked with the cicatrices left 

 by the fallen leaves, and with short cortical ridges decurrent from 

 them. Buds ovoid-conic, 0*5 0'75 inch long, with closely imbricated 

 ovate, obtuse perulse, often covered with a film of resin. Leaves 

 geminate, persistent four five years, close-set around the distal half 

 of each season's growth, 1'5 2 inches long, semi-terete with a short 

 callous tip, dark lustrous green ; basal sheath loose and scarious, 

 0'25 inch long. Staminate flowers in short crowded spikes, sub- 

 cylindric, 0'5 inch long, surrounded by six involucral bracts ; anthers 

 yellowish brown. Cones usually in pairs, sometimes solitary or in 



